Chii chinonzi Loop Antenna?
Antena ye loop inoumbwa nekuronga chimwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo munzira yakavharwa uye kupa chivakwa chiratidzo cheRF. Loop inogona kunge yakatenderera, yakaenzana, yakaita rectangular, yakaita triangular, yakatenderera, kana yakagadzirwa neimwe chimiro kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvemakanika nemagetsi.
Mhinduro pfupi:Antena ye loop inoshandisa nzira yakavharwa yekufambisa simba kuti itumire kana kugamuchira simba reRF. Zvidimbu zvidiki zvemagetsi zvinoita semadipole emagineti, nepo zvidimbu zvikuru zve resonant zvine kugoverwa kwemagetsi kusingaenderane uye kuramba kwakawanda kwemwaranzi.
Kusiyana netsika dzechinyakarekanyanga ye dipole, iyo inonyanya kusanganiswa nechinhu chemagetsi, denderedzwa diki remagetsi rinoita se magnetic dipole. Kushanda kwaro kwakabatana zvakanyanya nechikamu chemagnetic-field chemafungu emagetsi, zvichiita kuti ma antenna edenderedzwa anyatsobatsira mukugamuchira, kutsvaga gwara, kunzwa kwepedyo, RFID, uye masisitimu ekuyera electromagnetic.
Ma antenna e loop haagumiri pahuwandu hwema frequency imwe chete. Kuwanda kwekushanda kwawo kunoenderana nedenderedzwa re loop kana tichienzanisa ne wavelength, huwandu hwema turns, saizi ye conductor, zvikamu zvekurodha, chimiro che feed, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza yekuisa. Saka magadzirirwo e loop anogona kuwanikwa kubva kuma low-frequency receiving systems kusvika ku UHF uye ma microwave applications.
Hurongwa Hwekutanga uye Nheyo Yekushanda
Kana RF current ichitenderera conductive loop, inogadzira magnetic field inenge yakatarisana ne plane ye loop. Pakugamuchira, magnetic field inoshanduka inopfuura nepa loop inokonzera voltage pa terminals dzayo.
Simba rechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa rinoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei:
- Nzvimbo yedenderedzwa
- Huwandu hwematendeuko
- Kushanda kakawanda
- Kurongeka maererano nemunda uri kuuya
- Kudzivirira kwemutyairi
- Kugadzirisa uye kufananidza network
- Zvidziviriro nezvivakwa zvesimbi zviri pedyo
Pachitenderedzwa chidiki chemagetsi, hukuru hwemagetsi nechikamu zvinogona kutariswa sezvinenge zvakafanana zvakatenderedza kondakita. Kufungidzira uku kunova kusina kururama sezvo denderedzwa richiwedzera. Muchitenderedzwa chikuru chine resonant, kugoverwa kwemagetsi kunosiyana zvakanyanya kutenderedza chimiro uye kunogadzira hunhu hwemwaranzi hwakasiyana nehuya hwechitenderedzwa chidiki chine magineti.
MaAntenna madiki eLoop
Kanyanga kadiki kerubhi kane denderedzwa diki pane urefu hwemafungu ekushanda. Kufungidzira kunowanzo shandiswa kweinjiniya ndekwekuti:
C ≤ 0.1λ
apo C iri denderedzwa redenderedzwa uye λ iri denderedzwa remafungu.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki hwemagetsi, denderedzwa diki rinowanzova nekudzivirira kwakaderera kwemwaranzi. Saka kurasikirwa neconductor kunogona kureva chikamu chakakosha chekudzivirira kwayo kwese kwekupinda, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwemwaranzi kana antenna ichishandiswa kutumira.
Zvidimbu zvidiki zvinoshandisawo simba guru mukuita kuti zvinhu zvishande uye zvinowanzoda capacitor yekutuning kana network yekufananidza. Kana zvagadziriswa kuti zvienderane neresonance, zvinogona kupa mukana wekugamuchira, asi kunaka kwazvo kunogona kukonzera bandwidth yekushanda yakamanikana.
Hunhu uhwu hahuiti kuti ma "antenna" madiki asashande zvakanaka. Asi, hunoita kuti anyatsokodzera kushandiswa uko saizi ye "compact size", "magnetic-field response", "directional nulls", kana "narrowband selectivity" zvakakosha kupfuura kushanda zvakanaka kwemwaranzi.
MaAntenna Akakura eLoop
Chitenderedzo chikuru, dzimwe nguva chinonzi resonant loop, chine denderedzwa risingachadiki pamagetsi. Dhizaini yakajairika inoshandisa denderedzwa riri pedyo newavelength imwe chete:
C ≈ λ
Muchiitiko ichi, magetsi haaenderane akatenderedza denderedzwa. Kuchinja kwehukuru hwawo nechikamu chemagetsi zvichitevedza kondakita, zvichikonzera kupararira kwakaoma kwemunda.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvirukwa zvidiki zvemagetsi, zvirukwa zvinopenya zvinowanzopa simba rekudzivirira mwaranzi zvakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira. Zvinogona kushandiswa semaantenna anotumira kana kugamuchira, kunyange zvazvo kupindirana kwawo, polarization uye radiation pattern zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nedenderedzwa, chimiro, nzvimbo yekudyisa uye nzvimbo yekuisa.
Zvidimbu zvedenderedzwa nemativi mana zvakazara mafungu ndizvo zvakajairika. Chidimbu chedenderedzwa chinogona kuve nyore kugadzira nekuchiisa, nepo chidimbu chedenderedzwa chichipa chimiro chakatsetseka uye chakaenzana. Kana zvese zviri zviviri zvine denderedzwa remagetsi rakafanana, mashandiro azvo anogona kuenzana, kunyangwe hunhu hweimpedance chaiyo uye maitiro epatani zvichisiyana.
Antena yeChidimbu Chidiki vs. Chidimbu Chikuru
Musiyano unonyanya kukosha ihukuru hwemagetsi kwete chimiro chemuviri. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mutsauko wemazuva ese weinjiniya.
| Chinhu chekugadzira | Kanere diki yedenderedzwa | Kanereta hombe yedenderedzwa |
|---|---|---|
| Kutenderera kwemagetsi | Kazhinji hazvipfuuri 0.1λ | Kazhinji inogadzirwa pedyo nehupamhi hwemafungu kuti iite resonance |
| Kugoverwa kwazvino | Inenge yakafanana muhukuru uye chikamu | Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemutungamiriri |
| Kudzivirirwa nemwaranzi | Zvakaderera, saka kurasikirwa kwemutyairi kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emutyairi | Yakakwirira uye inonyanya kukodzera kutapurirana |
| Kugadzirisa uye kufananidza | Kazhinji inductive uye inowanzogadziriswa ne capacitor | Zvinoenderana nedenderedzwa, chimiro uye nzvimbo yekudyisa |
| Maitiro emwaranzi | Patani yemagineti-dipole ine ma nulls akadzika e axial | Zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nejometri |
| Maitiro akajairika | Kugamuchira, kutsvaga nzira, kunzwa pedyo nemunda uye RFID | Kugamuchira nekutumira masisitimu ekutaurirana |
Mufananidzo 1. Mienzaniso yemagadzirirwo eantenna edenderedzwa neakaenzana.
Roop Antena Radiation Pattern
Magadzirirwo emwaranzi emuchindwe chidiki chemagetsi akafanana neemuchindwe wemagineti chaiwo. Mwaranzi hainyanyi kuyerera padivi pemupendero we ...
Muzvikamu zvitatu, patani yakarongwa zvakanaka yakafanana netorus yakakomberedza axis ye loop. Kana loop diki yaiswa yakatwasuka, mhinduro yayo yakatwasuka inowanzova nechimiro che figure-eight, ine ma nulls maviri akadzika akafanana ne loop plane.
Ma nulls aya anobatsira pakutsvaga nzira uye kudzikamisa kukanganiswa. Nekutenderedza antenna kusvika chiratidzo chagamuchirwa chasvika padanho repamusoro, mushandi anogona kuona mutsetse webearing uchienda kana kuti uri kure nekwakabva chiratidzo.
Kutungamira kwemhinduro yepamusoro, hudzamu hwe null uye polarization zvinoenderana ne loop orientation, kurongeka kwe feed, kukwirira kwekuisa, conductor geometry uye zvivakwa zviri pedyo. Saka polarization haifanirwe kutsanangurwa chete zvichienderana nenzvimbo ye feed point.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pe polarization yakatwasuka, yakatwasuka uye yakatenderera, ona gwara redu rekutiantenna polarization.
Mufananidzo 2. Mapatani emwaranzi anotsanangura antenna ye loop pamakona akasiyana ekukwira.
Kudyisa, Kugadzirisa uye Kufananidza Impedance
Kuvharirwa kwekupinda kweantenna ye loop kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehukuru hwayo hwemagetsi.
Chidimbu chidiki chinowanzoita kuti pave ne inductive reactance uye low radiation resistance. Kamba inoshanduka kana kuti yakagadziriswa inogona kubatanidzwa kuti igadzire resonant circuit pafrequency inodiwa. Transformer coupling, gamma matching, capacitive coupling kana active amplifier circuits zvinogonawo kushandiswa kubatanidza antenna ne receiver kana 50-ohm RF system.
Pakutumira mashandisirwo, kurasikirwa neconductor, kurasikirwa necapacitor uye kugona kubata magetsi zvinoda kunyatsofungwa. Kuyerera kwakawanda kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika mu loop yakagadziriswa kunyangwe simba rekupinda richiita seriri pakati nepakati.
Marobho makuru e resonant ane resistance yakakura yemwaranzi asi achiri kuda kuiswa kwekudya kwakakodzera uye kushandurwa kwe impedance. Kudyisa kwakaringana kana balun kungadiwa kudzivirira tambo yekudyisa kuti isave chikamu chesystem yekudyisa.
Chimiro cheLoop uye Nhamba yeKutendeuka
Antena yedenderedzwa haifanirwe kunge yakatenderera zvakakwana. Madenderedzwa edenderedzwa, akaenzana uye akaenzana ndiwo anonyanya kuwanikwa nekuti ari nyore kuverenga nekugadzira.
Kuchinja ma "turns" kakawanda kunowedzera simba rekugamuchira rinokonzerwa uye inductance. Zvisinei, zvinowedzerawo kurasikirwa kwe "conductor", "distributed capacitance" uye "self-resonance effects". Kuchinja ma "turns" akawanda hakuiti kuti broadband ishande zviri nani.
Zvimiti zveFerrite kana kuti mamagnetic cores anowanzo shandiswa muma antenna eCompact MF neAM receiving. Zvinhu zvemagnetic zvinosimbisa magnetic flux kuburikidza nekumonera, zvichibvumira chimiro chidiki kuti chipe kunzwisisika kunobatsira pakugamuchira.
Pama frequency akakwira, ma printed loops, microstrip loops uye integrated loop structures zvinogona kugadzirwa zvakananga pama circuit board eRFID, wireless sensing, communication terminals uye RF measurements.
Mabhenefiti eLoop Antennas
Ma antenna e loop anopa mabhenefiti akawanda anoshanda:
- Chimiro chidiki chemuchina
- Maumbirwo akawanda anogoneka uye mafomati ekuisa
- Kunzwisisa simba remagineti kunobatsira
- Magadzirirwo e "deep direction nulls" mu "small-loop designs"
- Zvakakodzera kutsvaga nzira uye kurambwa kwekukanganiswa
- Kubatanidzwa kuri nyore nekugadzirisa uye maseketi anoshanda
- Inogona kukwidziridzwa pakugadzira madhizaini eLF, HF, VHF, UHF uye microwave
Miganhu Yekugadzira
Zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
- Kusadzivirira mwaranzi yakaderera mumagadzirirwo madiki emagetsi
- Kubudirira kwekutumira zvinhu kwakaderedzwa kana kurasikirwa kwemutyairi kwakakosha
- Bandwidth yakamanikana muzvishwe zvakagadziridzwa zvine Q yakakwira
- Kunzwa zvinhu zvesimbi zviri pedyo
- Kugona kukwira kwemagetsi nemagetsi zvinotenderera
- Kudiwa kwekunyatsoenderana kwe impedance
- Kukanganiswa kwemapatani kunokonzerwa netambo dzekudya uye zvivakwa zvekuisa
Maitiro Akajairika
Ma antenna e loop anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu:
- AM, MF, HF uye mareceiver eshortwave
- Midziyo yekutsvaga nzira yeredhiyo
- RFID uye masisitimu ekutaurirana ari pedyo nemunda
- Kuyerwa kweEMI neEMC magnetic-field
- Kuongorora ma spectrum uye kuyedzwa kwesimba remunda
- Kutaurirana kwemukati uye masisitimu emagetsi asina waya
- Mapuratifomu ekugamuchira anotakurika uye akaiswa mumotokari
- Maseketi eRF akadhindwa uye e microwave
- Kutsvaga, kugadzirisa uye kuyera maAntena
Pakuyera EMI uye simba remumunda, ma antenna e calibrated loop anonyanya kubatsira kana chikamu chemagnetic-field cheRF environment chichifanira kuongororwa. Mumasystem ekutaurirana nekutarisa, ma directional nulls avo anogona kubatsira kuderedza kupindira kana kuona divi resignal risingazivikanwe.
Kukosha kweUinjiniya
Ma antenna e loop anoratidza kuti saizi yemagetsi, kugoverwa kwemagetsi, kubatana kwemagnetic-field uye kuenderana kweimpedance zvinokanganisa sei mashandiro e antenna.
Chitenderedzo chakafanana nechacho chinogona kuita se antenna ine magnetic receiving compact, narrowband resonant sensor, full-wave transmitting antenna kana near-field coupling element, zvichienderana nedenderedzwa rayo uye frequency yekushanda kwayo.
RF MISO inopa mhinduro dze antenna ne microwave dze RF testing, communication, radar,kuyerwa kweantenauye kubatanidzwa kwesystem. Kunzwisisa magadzirirwo akakosha akadai se loop antenna kunobatsira mainjiniya kuongorora frequency range, gain, polarization, impedance, bandwidth, radiation efficiency uye direction response pavanosarudza kana kugadzira antenna system.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Antena ye loop inoshandiswa pai?
Ma antenna e loop anoshandiswa kugamuchira redhiyo, kutsvaga nzira, RFID nekutaurirana pedyo nemunda, kuyerwa kweEMI neEMC, kunzwa kwewaya, uye masisitimu ekutumira kana kugamuchira kana loop yakagadzirirwa frequency inodiwa uye simba.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pechitenderedzo chidiki neantenna hombe yechitenderedzo?
Chitenderedzwa chidiki chine denderedzwa diki zvikuru pane wavelength, saka magetsi acho akafanana uye kuramba kwacho kuri pasi. Chitenderedzwa chikuru kana kuti chinotenderera chine denderedzwa riri pedyo newavelength imwe chete, kupararira kwemagetsi kusina kufanana, uye kazhinji kuramba kwakakwirira kwemwaranzi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira.
Ndeipi nzira yemwaranzi yeantenna ye loop?
Chitenderedzwa chidiki chemagetsi chakanaka chine mwaranzi shoma iri padivi pedenderedzwa rakatenderedza denderedzwa uye mwaranzi yakanyanya mumativi ari mukati medenderedzwa. Kana chakaiswa chakamira, chimiro chayo chedenderedzwa chakatarwa chinowanzova nechimiro chefigure-eight chine ma nulls maviri akadzika.
Antena ye loop inoda tuning capacitor here?
Zvidimbu zvidiki zvemagetsi zvinowanzo shandiswa mukuita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka uye zvinowanzoda capacitor yekutuning kana network yekufananidza kuti ishande zvakanaka panguva yekushanda. Chidimbu chikuru chekutenderera chinogona kushandisa nzira yakasiyana yekufananidza zvichienderana nedenderedzwa rayo, chimiro, nzvimbo yekudyisa uye target impedance.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-31-2026
