Maantenna enyanga ndiwo mamwe emaantenna anonyanya kushandiswa mu microwave ne millimeter-wave engineering. Maumbirwo awo akareruka emuchina, hunhu hwemwaranzi hunofanotaurwa, kuratidzira kwakaderera, uye kugona kuwana gain iri pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira zvinoita kuti ave akakosha mukuyera maantenna, EMC testing, radar, communication systems, feed systems, uye RF laboratory.
Antena yenyanga inogona kunzigwara remafungu rine muromo unobuda zvishoma nezvishomaPanzvimbo pekubvumira mafungu emagetsi kuti asanganiswe nekuchinja kamwe kamwe kubva paguide yemagetsi kuenda kunzvimbo yakasununguka, chikamu chakapfuta chinopa shanduko zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza kuenderana kweimpedance uye zvinotungamira simba rakawanda remagetsi mumwaranzi inodzorwa.
Zvichienderana negeometry yewaveguide uye kwainobva gomo, antenna dzenyanga dzinogona kugadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisiranyanga dzezvikamu, nyanga dzepiramidhi, uye nyanga dzakaita sekonaNyaya yekutanga inoshandisa magadzirirwo matatu aya senzira huru yekutsanangura maumbirwo eantenna dzehorn.
1. Antena yenyanga inoshanda sei?
Mugwagwa wemagetsi unovhara simba remagetsi mukati mechimiro chekufambisa. Kana wave inotungamirirwa yasvika kumagumo akavhurika, chikamu chesimba chinobuda munzvimbo yakasununguka, nepo chikamu chinogona kuratidzwa nekuda kwekuchinja pakati pemugwagwa wemagetsi ne free-space impedances.
Antena yenyanga inoderedza kuerekana kwaitika kwekuchinja uku nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma chikamu chewaveguide chichienda kuburiro.
Sezvo mafungu emagetsi anopararira nepakati pechikamu chakaputika, munda wacho unokura pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura. Nzvimbo yacho inobva yabuda munzvimbo yakasununguka yogadzira danda rakanangana.
Saka, mwenje uyu une zvinangwa zviviri zvakakosha:
- Inopa shanduko iri nyore pakati peguide yewave nenzvimbo yakasununguka.
- Inowedzera mukana wekuvhura chiedza unoshanda, zvichiita kuti chiedza chikwanise kutenderera zvakanaka uye kuwana chiedza.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nyanga inoitahazvibvisi zvachose kupenya kana mafungu akamiraPane kudaro, nyanga yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inogona kuderedza kupenya uye kupa kuenderana kwakanaka kweimpedance, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa muVSWR yakaderera.
Mufananidzo 1. Antena yenyanga yakajairika ine aperture yewaveguide inoputika zvishoma nezvishoma.
2. Kushanda Kwakawanda kweMaAntena eNyanga
Maantenna enyanga haana frequency imwe chete.
Kuwanda kwekushanda kwavo kunonyanya kutariswa nesaizi yewaveguide, waveguide mode, aperture geometry, chimiro chefeed, uye bandwidth yakatarwa.
Ma antenna echinyakare enyanga anonyanya kuwanikwa pama microwave nema millimeter-wave frequency nekuti saizi yema waveguide inova inoshanda sezvo wavelength ichiderera. Zvisinei, maumbirwo ema horn e broadband akagadzirwa zvakanaka anogona kushandawo pama frequency akaderera, nepo ma waveguide akanyatsogadzirwa anogona kupararira zvakanaka kusvika kuma millimeter-wave uye sub-THz bands.
Semuenzaniso, magadzirirwo eantenna dzehorn anogona kuwanikwa kubva pamazana-e-megahertz kusvika pamusoro pe100 GHz. RF MISO parizvino inopa magadzirirwo ehorn dzebroadband dzinoshanda kubva300–750 MHz, pamwe chete nemaantenna ehorn ine denderedzwa remakona220–325 GHz, zvichiratidza kuti huwandu hwenguva dzinoshanda dzemhuri iyi yeantenna hunogona kunge hwakakura sei.
3. Mhando Huru dzeMaAntena eNyanga
3.1 Antena yeNyanga dzeSectoral
Nyanga yechikamu inogadzirwa kana gwara remafungu remakona rakaputika muchikamu chimwe chete.
Kana waveguide yakawedzerwa muNdege yemagetsi, chimiro chacho chinonziHorn yemagetsi yechikamu chemagetsiKana kuwedzera kwacho kukaitika muNdege yeH, inonziH-plane sectoral horn.
Nekuti chiyero chekuvhurika chinowedzera muchikamu chimwe chete, kuumbwa kwedanda kunonyanya kuoneka muchikamu ichocho chinoenderana.
3.2 Antena yeNyanga yePiramidhi
Nyanga yepiramidhi inoumbwa kana gwara remafungu re rectangular richipfuta munzira mbiri dzeE-plane neH-plane.
Chimiro chinobuda chakafanana nepiramidhi yakachekwa uye chinoita kuti aperture iwedzere kukura muzvikamu zvese zviri zviviri.
Nyanga dzepiramidhi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya senyanga dzekuwedzera dzakajairwa uye antenna dzereferensinekuti mapatani avo ekuwedzera uye mwaranzi anogona kutsanangurwa nemazvo.
Semuenzaniso, RF MISO inopa maantenna e "gain horn" akajairwa pamabhandi akawanda e "microwave" ne "millimeter-wave". Mhuri yayo yeWR10 standard gain horn inosanganisira mamodheru anoshanda kubva ku75 kusvika 110 GHz, ine gain yakatarwa, VSWR, polarization uye beawidth hunhu.
3.3 Antena yeNyanga ine Koni
Nyanga ine denderedzwa inowanzo umbwa nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma gwara remafungu rakatenderera kuenda kuburi rakatenderera.
Kusiyana nenyanga yepiramidhi, iyo inobva pagwara remafungu remakona mana, nyanga ine denderedzwa ine chimiro chakaenzana chinotenderera.
Maantenna ehorn ine makona anowanzo shandiswa muma microwave, millimeter-wave, feed uye measurement applications. Zvichienderana nechimiro chefeed uye polarization network, anogonawo kutsigira magadzirirwo epolarization akasiyana-siyana.
Mufananidzo 2. Magadzirirwo akajairika eantenna yenyanga: E-plane sectoral, H-plane sectoral, pyramidal uye conical horns.
4. Angle yeFlare, Saizi yeAperture uye Hurefu hweNyanga
Maitiro ehwamanda ane simba rakananga pakushanda kwayo kwemagetsi.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvekugadzira ndeizvi:
kona yekupenya, saizi yekuvhura, uye urefu hwenyanga.
Aperture yakakura inogona kupa kutungamira kwakanyanya uye danda rakatetepa, asi kungowedzera angle yekupenya hakuiti kuti pave nekushanda kuri nani otomatiki.
Kana nyanga iri pfupi zvakanyanya pahukuru hwemubobo, kuchinja kwechikamu kwakanyanya kunogona kuoneka pamobobo. Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemubobobo uye zvinogona kukanganisa maratidziro emwaranzi.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuita kuti nyanga irebe zvakanyanya kunowedzera saizi yemuchina uye huremu pasina kuwedzera kushanda kwayo zvakaenzana.
Saka dhizaini yenyanga inosanganisira kuenzana:
- Saizi yemukana
- Kona yekupenya
- Kureba
- Chikanganiso chechikamu
- Kuwana
- Upamhi hwemwenje
- Zviyero zvemakanika
5. Magadzirirwo emwaranzi uye hunhu hwemwaranzi
Maantenna enyanga anowanzo kuve ma radiator anotungamira.
Simba remagetsi rinonyanya kutungamirwa mberi nepaburi, zvichigadzira danda guru rakajeka pamwe chete nema sidelobes.
Kucheka kwemapatani maviri emwaranzi kwakakosha zvikuru:
- Maitiro emwaranzi yemhepo yemagetsi
- Patani yemwaranzi yeH-plane
Iyo3 dB hupamhi hwemutiInowanzoshandiswa kutsanangura upamhi hwekona yedanda guru riri pakati penzvimbo mbiri apo simba remwaranzi rinodonha ne3 dB pasi pehuwandu hwaro hwepamusoro.
Kazhinji, kuwedzera mukana unoshanda wekufamba uchienzaniswa newavelength kunowedzera kutungamira uye kunoita kuti danda ritete.
Hukama uhwu hunogonawo kuonekwa muma antenna e nyanga ye millimeter-wave. Semuenzaniso, RF MISO's 75–110 GHz standard gain horns dzinotsanangura hunhu hwe E-plane ne H-plane beamwidth pamwe chete ne gain ne data re VSWR.
Mufananidzo 3. Mufananidzo wekuwedzera kwemafungu emagetsi nemwaranzi kuburikidza negonhi.
6. Mabhenefiti eMaAntena eNyanga
Maantenna enyanga anopa mabhenefiti akati wandei kune RF uye masisitimu e microwave:
Kutungamira kwakanaka
Aperture yakakura inoita kuti mwaranzi iende mberi.
Hunhu hwemwaranzi hunofungidzirwa
Maantenna enyanga akagadzirwa zvakanaka anogona kupa mapatani eE-plane neH-plane akagadzikana uye akanyatsotsanangurwa.
Kuenzanisa kwakanaka kwe impedance
Kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakutungamira kwemafungu kuenda kunzvimbo yakasununguka kunogona kuderedza kuratidzwa uye kutsigira VSWR yakaderera.
Kuwana mari pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira
Saizi dzakasiyana dzemaburi uye urefu hwenyanga zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zvipe mazinga akasiyana ekuwedzera.
Maumbirwo ari nyore
Zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro akawanda akaomarara eantenna ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, nyanga dzechinyakare dzakatwasuka uye dzakasimba.
Yakakodzera kuyerwa kwepamusoro-soro
Magadzirirwo avo akavakirwa pakutungamira kwemafungu anoita kuti maantenna enyanga ave akakosha zvikuru muhurongwa hwekuyera mafungu ema microwave ne millimeter.
7. Kufunga Nezvekugadzira uye Kuganhurirwa
Maantenna enyanga anewo mamwe maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira.
Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunowanzoda aperture yakakura yemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera saizi chaiyo yeantenna.
Hukama huripo pakati pehukuru hwemubobo, kureba kwenyanga uye kona yekupenya kwechiedza hunofanirawo kudzorwa nokungwarira kuti pave nekupararira kwakanaka kwechikamu chemubobo.
Pamafrequencies akakwira zvikuru, kurongeka kwemuchina, kunaka kwenzvimbo, saizi yewaveguide uye kurongeka kweflange zvinova zvakakosha zvakanyanya nekuti kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvidiki zvemuchina zvinogona kuratidza chikamu chakakura chewavelength.
Saka mainjiniya havafanire kungoongorora huwandu hwekuwedzera uye huwandu hwehuwandu, asiwo:
VSWR, polarization, mashandiro ecross-polarization, beamwidth, sidelobe level, RF interface, power handling uye mechanical tolerance.
8. Kushandiswa kweMaAntena eNyanga
Nekuda kwemwaranzi yadzo inotungamira, hunhu hwadzo hwakagadzikana uye kuenderana kwayo nehurongwa hwemafungu, maantenna enyanga anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu:
- Kuyerwa kwekuwedzera kweantena
- Kuyerwa kwepatani yemwaranzi
- Kuongororwa kweEMC neEMI
- Masisitimu eradar
- Kutaurirana kwema microwave nema millimeter-wave
- Kuedzwa kweantenna yesatellite
- Kutsvaga nzira uye kutarisa
- Kuyerwa kwekamuri reAnechoic
- Ma antenna e reflector
- Kutsvaga kweRF uye masisitimu emarabhoritari
- Kugadzirisa uye kushandisa antenna yekutarisa
Magadzirirwo ehorn dzeBroadband anogonawo kupa bandwidth yakakura yekushanda kwemasisitimu ekuyera nekutarisa. Semuenzaniso, maantenna ehorn dzeRF MISO e18–40 GHz anotsanangurwa kuti ashandiswe anosanganisira kuyedzwa kwema microwave, kuyerwa kwema antenna, kuyerwa kwema antenna esatellite, kutsvaga nzira, kutarisa uye kuyerwa kwakabatana neEMC.
Mhedziso
Antena yenyanga inoshandura mafungu emagetsi anotungamirwa kuita mwaranzi yemhepo yakasununguka kuburikidza nekuvhura kweguide yewaveguide kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Musanganiswa wayo wekuenderana kwakanaka kweimpedance, mwaranzi inotungamira, hunhu hwemwenje hunofanotaurwa, kuwana kunobatsira uye kuvaka kuri nyoreyakaita kuti horn ive imwe yeantena dzakakosha zvikuru mukugadzira ma microwave nema millimeter-wave.
Kubva kunyanga dzechikamu nedzepiramidhi kusvika kumagadzirirwo emakona ne ebroadband, maumbirwo akasiyana anogona kugadziriswa kuti akwane ma frequency ranges chaiwo, zvinodiwa ne polarization, gain levels uye measurement environments.
Kune mainjiniya vanosarudza antenna yehorn, huwandu hwefrequency ndiyo chete nzvimbo yekutanga. Gain, VSWR, beamwidth, polarization, waveguide kana coaxial interface, power handling uye mechanical dimensions zvese zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neRF system yese.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-21-2026
