Kupera kwechiteshi chisina wayandiko kusiyana kwehukuru hwechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa, chikamu kana simba rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwenzira yekupararira. Zvinogona kuderedza muganhu wekubatanidza, kukanganisa masaini ebhendi rakakura uye kuita kuti kuyerwa kweRF kuve kwakaoma kubereka. Kunzwisisa rudzi rwekupera kuripo muhurongwa kunobatsira mainjiniya kusarudza maantenna akakodzera, nzira dzekuyedza uye matekiniki ekuderedza.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura nzira dzinopera simba zvikuru nediki, nzira dzakatsetseka uye dzinosarudza frequency, dzinopera simba zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatanho ekuverenga nhamba. Rinoratidzawo kuti patani yeantenna, polarization uye test geometry zvinopesvedzera sei kuyerwa kwekupera simba.
Chii Chinonzi Wireless Channel Fading?
Chiratidzo cheredhiyo hachiwanzosvika kune chinogamuchira kuburikidza nenzira imwe chete yakanaka. Zvivako, nzvimbo, mota, zvishandiso nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuvhara, kuratidza, kuparadzanisa kana kuparadzira mafungu emagetsi. Makopi akawanda echiratidzo chimwe chete anogona kusvika nekunonoka kwakasiyana, amplitudes, phases uye angles dzekusvika. Kusanganiswa kwavo kunogona kuvaka panzvimbo imwe kana frequency uye kuparadza pane imwe.
Kupera kwesimba kwakasiyana nekurasikirwa nenzira yemahara. Kupera kwesimba kunotsanangura kudzikira kwesimba sekuwedzera kwedaro uye frequency, ukuwo kupera kwesimba kunotsanangura musiyano wakawedzerwa paavhareji iyoyo. Mainjiniya vanowanzo ronga kupera kwesimba nematanho maviri akazvimiririra: spatial scale uye channel selectivity.
Mufananidzo 1.Kuchinja kunonoka uye nekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa kunoratidza nguva dzakasiyana dzekudzima kana daro.
Kupera Kwemhepo Kusina Kushanda Kunorongwa Sei
Kupera kukuruinotsanangura kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma padaro refu, kunyanya kubva pakusiyana-siyana kwenzira nekubva pakudonha kwemumvuri.Kupera kudikiinotsanangura shanduko dzinokurumidza kuitika padaro pfupi kana nguva pfupi nekuda kwekufamba-famba kwenzira dzakawanda.
Kupera kwemvura kudiki kunogona kurongwa nekutarisa kupararira kwemvura sekusara kana kusarudza mafrequency, uye neDoppler kupararira sekusara kana kukurumidza. Aya marudzi akasiyana: nzira inogona kuva yakati sandara uye inokurumidza, yakati sandara uye inononoka, inosarudza mafrequency uye inokurumidza, kana kuti inosarudza mafrequency uye inononoka.
Kupera Kwechikuru: Kurasikirwa Nenzira Uye Kusviba
Maitiro ekurasikirwa nenzira
Kurasikirwa nenzira ndiko kudzikira kweavhareji kwesimba rinogamuchirwa nedaro rekupararira. Munzvimbo isina chinhu isina chinhu, kurasikirwa kwacho kunoenderana nehurefu hwewavelength nedaro. Nzvimbo chaiyo inowedzera nzvimbo, kuzara kwezvinhu, mhedzisiro yemhepo uye kutsamira kwehurefu hweantenna, saka mabhajeti ekubatanidza anobatsira anowanzo shandisa modhi yekupararira yakakodzera mamiriro ekushandiswa.
Mvuri unopera
Mimvuri inoitika kana zvinhu zvikuru zvikavhara nzira yekupararira zvakananga zvishoma kana zvachose. Zvivako, makomo, michina uye mitumbi yemotokari zvinogona kuita shanduko dzinononoka padanho rinogashirwa sezvo chinotumira, chinogashirwa kana nharaunda yakapoteredza chichichinja. Kupera kwemvuri kunowanzoonekwa zvichienderana nekurasikirwa kwenzira yepakati penzvimbo.
Kupera Kwechikero Chidiki: Nzira Dzakawanda uye Kufamba
Kupera kwakati sandara kana kupera kunosarudza kakawanda
Nzira inenge irikupera simba kwakati sandarakana bandwidth yayo yekubatana yakafara kupfuura bandwidth yesignal inotorwa. Iyo channel inozochinja amplitude yesignal uye phase pasina kugadzirisa zvakanyanya spectrum yayo.
Nzira inovakusarudza kakawandakana bandwidth yechiratidzo yakakura zvichienzaniswa nebandwidth yekubatana. Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvespectral zvinosangana nekuwedzera uye phase zvakasiyana. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekupararira kwekunonoka kwemultipath, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kupindirana kweintersymbol mu digital links.
Kupera zvishoma nezvishoma vs. kupera nekukurumidza
Kupera zvishoma nezvishomazvinoreva kuti chiteshi hachina kuchinja zvakanyanya panguva yechiratidzo chakakodzera.Kupera nekukurumidzazvinoreva kuti chiteshi chinoshanduka zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo. Kufamba pakati pechinotumira, chinogamuchira uye chinoparadzira chakakomberedza kunoita kuti Doppler ishanduke uye kupfupisa nguva yekubatana kwechiteshi.
| Kupatsanura | Kuenzanisa kukuru | Mhedzisiro yakajairika |
|---|---|---|
| Kupera kwakati sandara | Bandwidth yechiratidzo idiki pane bandwidth yekubatana | Kukura kwakakura uye kusiyana kwechikamu muchiratidzo chose |
| Kusarudza kakawanda | Bandwidth yechiratidzo yakakura kupfuura bandwidth yekubatana | Kukanganiswa kweSpectral uye kupindirana kwepakati pezviratidzo |
| Kupera zvishoma nezvishoma | Nguva yekubatana yakareba kana tichienzanisa nenguva yekuratidza zviratidzo | Kuchinja-chinja kwechikamu chekubatanidza zvishoma nezvishoma |
| Kupera nekukurumidza | Nguva yekubatana ipfupi kana tichienzanisa nenguva yekuratidza zviratidzo | Kuchinja-chinja nekukurumidza uye kukanganisika kunokonzerwa neDoppler |
MaModheru Anowanzo Kupera eStatistical
- Kupera kweRayleigh:inowanzoshandiswa kana pasina chinhu chimwe chete chinotonga chiripo uye chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakapararira.
- Kupera simba kwaRician:inosanganisira chikamu chinotonga pamwe chete nezvikamu zvakapararira zve multipath. Rician K-factor inoratidza chiyero chesimba pakati pezvikamu zvinotonga uye zvinopararira.
- Nakagami iri kupera simba:kugoverwa kwe empirical kunochinjika kunogona kumiririra huwandu hwehurema hunopera kuburikidza neparamita yayo yechimiro.
- Kupera kweWeibull:kumwe kugoverwa kwenhamba kunochinjika kunoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzekupararira dzakayerwa.
Kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso kunofanirwa kuenderana nenzvimbo chaiyo, maitikiro, kufamba, magadzirirwo eantenna uye data rekuyera. Mafambiro eMATLAB emazuva ano anoshandisa zvinhu zvakaita secomm.RayleighChanneluyecomm.RicianChannelpachinzvimbo chemabasa ekare anotaurwa muchinyorwa chekare chechinyorwa chino.
Mufananidzo 3.Kugoverwa kwemaenvelopu ane nhamba kunopa mienzaniso midiki yemaitiro akayerwa ekudzima.
Kupera Kunokanganisa Sei Kushanda KweRF System
Kudzima kunogona kuderedza simba rinogamuchirwa, kuderedza chiyero chesignali-ku-ruzha, kuwedzera mwero wekukanganisa uye kukanganisa link yeredhiyo. Kudzima kwema frequency-selective kunogonawo kukanganisa ma waveforms e wideband, nepo kuchinja kweDoppler nekukurumidza kunogona kuita kuti kuongororwa kwechiteshi kuve kwakaoma.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekuderedza dambudziko dzinosanganisira:
- mukana wakakwana wekubatanidza uye kudzora otomatiki kuwana kwechinhu;
- nguva, kuwanda, kusiyana kwenzvimbo kana polarization;
- kuenzana uye dhizaini yemafungu emagetsi akawanda;
- kunyora kodhi, kupindirana uye kugadzirisa shanduko yenzira;
- Kugadziriswa kweMIMO uye kutungamirirwa kwematanda;
- kuisa antenna zvakanaka, kusarudza mapatani uye kudzora polarization.
Hapana nzira imwe chete inobvisa nzira dzese dzinopera. Nzira chaiyo inoenderana nehuwandu hwemachaneli, bandwidth yakagarwa, kufamba, zvinodiwa zvekufukidza uye mukana wekudzima kwemagetsi unogamuchirika.
Mufananidzo 4.Ruzivo rwakayerwa runofanira kuona kana kugoverwa kwenhamba kwakakodzera kune imwe nzira.
Kusarudzwa kweAntena dzeKuyedza Kurira kweChannel uye Kupera kweMaedzo
Antena haigadziri nzira yekupararira yega, asi inokanganisa zvakanyanya nzira uye polarizations dzinotumirwa kana kugamuchirwa. Gain, beamwidth, radiation pattern, polarization purity, phase stability uye mounting geometry zvese zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro e measured channel.
Kuti uwane zviyero zvinodzokororwa zvechiteshi kana kupera, nyora zvinotevera:
- huwandu hwakazara hwema frequency uye bandwidth yekuyera pakarepo;
- kuwedzera kweantenna uye hupamhi hwebeam over frequency;
- zvinodiwa zve polarization yakatsetseka, miviri-yakatsetseka kana yakatenderera;
- kukwirira kweantenna, kurongeka, nzvimbo uye zvivakwa zvakapoteredza;
- RF connector, kurasikirwa kwetambo uye calibration reference plane;
- kufamba kwemutumi, mugamuchiri uye muparadziri;
- kupararira kwekunonoka, kupararira kweDoppler uye dynamic range inodiwa.
Sarudzo dzeantenna dzeRF MISO
RF MISO inogadzira uye inopa maantenna eRF ne microwave ekushanda murabhoritari, mumunda uye mukubatanidza masisitimu. Zvichienderana nekuvhara kunodiwa uye kuyerwa kwejometri, mainjiniya vanogona kufunga nezveantenna dze broadband hornpakuyera divi rakafara,antenna dzenguva nenguva dzelogyekuvhara kakawanda, kanaantenna dzinoenda kumativi oseyezvidzidzo zvakasarudzwa zvekufukidza uye kupararira kwenyaya.
Ongorora datasheet remuenzaniso razvino kuti uone huwandu hwema frequency, gain, polarization, VSWR, connector uye mekanika. Kuti usarudze mashandisirwo azvo, govera bhendi rekuyera, bandwidth, pateni inodiwa, polarization, mounting limits uye measurement environment nechikwata cheRF MISO.
Kurukurai Zvinodiwa Zvamunofanira Kuyera RF
RF MISO inogona kubatsira kuona sarudzo dzeantenna dzekushandisa pakuridza chiteshi, zvidzidzo zvekuparadzira, kuongorora masystem asina waya uye kuyerwa kweRF kwakabatana.
Mareferensi uye Kuverenga Kwakawedzerwa
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-14-2023
