Antenna pfupi yedipole ndeimwe yemamodeli ekutanga anoshandiswa mudzidziso yeantenna. Iantenna yakapfava yewaya ine urefu hwakaderera kupfuura urefu hwewaya yechiratidzo chekushanda. Kunyangwe chimiro chayo chichitaridzika sechiri nyore, iyo short dipole imhando yakakosha yekutarisa kugoverwa kwemagetsi, maitiro emwaranzi, antenna impedance, uye hukama huripo pakati pehukuru hweantenna nehurefu hwewaya.
Muinjiniya yeantenna, dipole inowanzoonekwa se "pfupi" kana hurefu hwayo hwese huri pasi pechikamu chimwe mugumi chewavelength:
L < \frac{\lambda}{10}
Pano, (L) inomiririra kureba kwemutyairi wedipole, uye (\lambda) inomiririra wavelength pafrequency yekushanda. Tsanangudzo iyi yakavakirwa pahurefu hwemagetsi kwete pahuwandu hwefrequency hwakatarwa. Nemamwe mashoko, dipole pfupi inogona kuoneka mumabhandi akasiyana emafrequency chero bedzi hurefu hwayo hwepanyama huchiri hudiki pane wavelength.
Nekuti antenna ipfupi pamagetsi, kugoverwa kwemagetsi ari paconductor kwakasiyana nekwe half-wave dipole. Mu short dipole inoshanda, current inowanzova yakanyanya pedyo nenzvimbo yekudyisa uye inodzikira kumagumo econductor. Sezvo kureba kweconductor kuri kupfupika kupfuura wavelength, antenna haishandisi saizi yayo chaiyo zvakanaka pamwaranzi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, short dipoles dzinowanzova nekudzivirira kwakaderera kwemwaranzi uye kushanda kwakaderera kwemwaranzi, kunyanya kana kurasikirwa kweconductor nekufanana kwacho kuchifungwa.
Imwe nzira yekufunga yakafanana nayo ndeye infinitesimal dipole. Infinitesimal dipole iantenna ine urefu hwakaderera zvikuru pane urefu hwewavelength. Inowanzo tsanangurwa se:
[\Delta l \ll \lambda]
Mune mamwe mamodheru eantenna akareruka, dipole yeinfinitesimal inogona kufungidzirwa kuti ine kugoverwa kwemagetsi kwakafanana. Izvi zvinoita kuti ibatsire pakuongorora dzidziso, kunyangwe isiri iyo antenna inoshanda pachayo. Mainjiniya vanowanzo shandisa dipole yeinfinitesimal sechivako chekunzwisisa matambudziko akaomarara emwaranzi yeantenna.
Mumagadzirirwo chaiwo eantenna, ma capacitive loading plates kana zvinhu zvinoisa pamusoro zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kupararira kwemagetsi kana kuderedza saizi chaiyo yesystem yeantenna. Magadzirirwo aya eloading anogona kubatsira kuita kuti antenna pfupi yemagetsi ishandiswe zviri nyore, asi haachinje chokwadi chekuti short dipole haishande zvakanaka kupfuura resonant antenna yakaita se half-wave dipole.
Patani yemwaranzi yedipole pfupi yakafanana neyadipole yehafu yemafungu. Kana dipole yakaiswa yakatwasuka, patani yayo yemwaranzi inenge iri yemunhu wese mudenga rakatwasuka. Mukuona kwemativi maviri, patani inowanzotsanangurwa sechimiro chemufananidzo-eight, ine mwaranzi yakanyanya yakatarisana ne axis ye antenna uye mwaranzi shoma yakatevedza axis ye antenna.
Maantenna mapfupi edipole anowanzo kurukurwa muhurongwa hwekugamuchira mafrequency mashoma uye mafrequency ari pakati nepakati, uko kureba kwewavelength kwakareba zvikuru uye antenna inonzwika mumuviri inogona kunge yakakura zvakanyanya kuti ivakwe. Muzviitiko izvi, dipole pfupi inopa chimiro chekugamuchira chakabatana, kunyangwe kuenderana kweimpedance uye kushanda zvakanaka zvichifanira kufungwa nokungwarira.
Kubva pamaonero einjiniya, dipole pfupi haisi fomu reantenna rakareruka. Inobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei kureba kweantenna kuchikosha, kuti kugoverwa kwemagetsi kunokanganisa sei mwaranzi, uye kuti nei antenna diki dzemagetsi dzichiwanzoda network dzinoenderana kana matekiniki ekurodha. Kune mainjiniya eRF ne microwave, kunzwisisa dipole pfupi kunopa hwaro hunobatsira hwekudzidza antenna dzinoshanda, antenna diki dzemagetsi, antenna dzekuyera, uye masisitimu eantenna epamusoro-soro.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-26-2026
