Nzira yekuwana sei impedance yekufananidza yewaveguides?Kubva padzidziso yemutsara weiyo microstrip antenna theory, isu tinoziva kuti akakodzera akatevedzana kana akafanana ekufambisa mitsara anogona kusarudzwa kuti awane impedance inofananidzwa pakati pemitsara yekufambisa kana pakati pemitsara yekutapurirana uye mitoro kuti iwane yakanyanya kutapurirana simba uye kushoma kwekuratidzira kurasikirwa.Iyo imwechete musimboti we impedance yekufananidza mumitsetse mitsetse inoshanda kune impedance inoenderana mumawaveguides.Kuratidzira muma waveguide masisitimu kunogona kutungamira kune impedance mismatches.Kana kukanganiswa kwe impedance kunoitika, mhinduro yacho yakafanana neyekutapurirana mitsara, ndiko kuti, kushandura kukosha kunodiwa Iyo lumped impedance inoiswa pane pre-yakaverengerwa mapoinzi mune waveguide kukurira kusawirirana, nekudaro kubvisa mhedzisiro yekufungisisa.Nepo mitsara yekutapurirana ichishandisa lumped impedances kana stubs, waveguides anoshandisa zvidhinha zvesimbi zvemhando dzakasiyana.
mufananidzo 1:Waveguide irises uye yakaenzana dunhu,(a)Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza mhando dzakasiyana dzekufananidza, kutora chero mafomu anoratidzwa uye anogona kuve capacitive, inductive kana resonant.Kuongorora kwemasvomhu kwakaoma, asi tsananguro yemuviri haina.Tichifunga nezve yekutanga capacitive simbi tambo mumufananidzo, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mukana waivepo pakati pepamusoro nepasi madziro eiyo waveguide (mune inotonga modhi) ikozvino iripo pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzesimbi dziri padhuze, saka iyo capacitance ndiyo The pfungwa inowedzera.Kusiyana neizvi, simbi yesimbi iri muFigure 1b inobvumira ikozvino kuyerera kwayaisamboyerera.Pachave nekuyerera kwazvino mundege yakagadziridzwa yemagetsi yemunda nekuda kwekuwedzera kwesimbi block.Naizvozvo, kuchengetedza kwesimba kunoitika mune magineti uye inductance panguva iyoyo yewaveguide inowedzera.Mukuwedzera, kana chimiro uye chinzvimbo chesimbi mhete muFigure c zvakagadzirirwa zvine musoro, inductive reactance uye capacitive reactance yakaunzwa ichave yakaenzana, uye aperture ichave yakafanana resonance.Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo impedance yekufananidza uye kugadzirisa yeiyo huru modhi yakanaka kwazvo, uye shunting maitiro eiyi modhi ichave isingaite.Nekudaro, mamwe modhi kana ma frequency anozoderedzwa, saka resonant simbi mhete inoshanda sesese bandpass sefa uye modhi sefa.
mufananidzo 2:(a)waveguide posts;(b)two-screw matcher
Imwe nzira yekutunira inoratidzwa pamusoro, apo cylindrical simbi posvo inosimuka kubva kune imwe yemativi akafara ichienda kune waveguide, ine mhedzisiro yakafanana neyesimbi tambo maererano nekupa lumped reactance panguva iyoyo.Iyo simbi positi inogona kuve capacitive kana inductive, zvichienderana nekuti inosvika papi kupinda waveguide.Chaizvoizvo, iyi nzira yekufananidza ndeyekuti kana mbiru yesimbi yakadaro ikawedzera zvishoma muwaveguide, inopa capacitive susceptance panguva iyoyo, uye capacitive susceptance inowedzera kusvikira kupinza kwaita chikamu chechina chewavelength, Panguva ino, nhevedzano resonance inoitika. .Kuwedzera kupinda kwesimbi yesimbi kunokonzeresa kuti inductive susceptance inopihwa iyo inodzikira sezvo kuiswa kunowedzera kuzara.Iyo resonance intensity pakumisikidzwa kwepakati inopesana nehupamhi hwekoramu uye inogona kushandiswa sesefa, zvisinei, mune iyi kesi inoshandiswa sebhendi yekumisa sefa kuendesa yakakwira kurongeka modes.Kuenzaniswa nekuwedzera iyo impedance yesimbi mitsetse, mukana mukuru wekushandisa simbi mbiru ndeyekuti ivo vari nyore kugadzirisa.Semuyenzaniso, maviri screws anogona kushandiswa setuning midziyo kuti iwane yakanyatsoita waveguide inofananidzwa.
Resistive mitoro uye attenuators:
Kufanana nechero imwe nzira yekutapurirana, ma waveguides dzimwe nguva anoda yakakwana impedance inofananidzwa uye mitoro yakamisikidzwa kuti itore zvizere mafungu anouya pasina fungidziro uye kusanzwa frequency.Imwe application yematerminals akadaro ndeyekuita zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi pane system pasina kupenya chero simba.
mufananidzo 3 waveguide kuramba mutoro (a) imwechete taper (b) kaviri taper
Iyo yakajairika resistive kuguma chikamu chekurasika dielectric yakaiswa pamagumo ewaveguide uye tapered (ine muromo wakanongedza kune iri kuuya wave) kuti isakonzerese fungidziro.Iyi svikiro inorasika inogona kutora hupamhi hwese hwewaveguide, kana inogona kutora chete pakati pekupedzisira kweiyo waveguide, sezvaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3. Iyo taper inogona kuva imwechete kana kaviri taper uye kazhinji ine hurefu hwe λp/2, nehurefu hwakazara hunosvika mawavelength maviri.Kazhinji inogadzirwa nedielectric mahwendefa akadai segirazi, akaputirwa nekabhoni firimu kana girazi remvura kunze.Kune epamusoro-simba maapplication, materminals akadaro anogona kuve neanopisa anonyura akawedzerwa kune kunze kweiyo waveguide, uye simba rinounzwa kune terminal rinogona kubviswa kuburikidza nekunyura kwekupisa kana kuburikidza nekumanikidzirwa kutonhora kwemhepo.
mufananidzo 4 Movable vane attenuator
Dielectric attenuators inogona kuitwa kuti ibviswe sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4. Yakaiswa pakati pe waveguide, inogona kutamiswa nechemberi kubva pakati peiyo waveguide, iyo ichapa iyo yakanyanya kuderedzwa, kumucheto, uko kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kuderedzwa. sezvo simba remunda wemagetsi weiyo dominant mode yakaderera zvakanyanya.
Attenuation mune waveguide:
Iyo simba attenuation yemawaveguides inonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Reflections kubva mukati waveguide discontinuities kana misaligned waveguide zvikamu
2. Kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nezvino kuyerera mu waveguide madziro
3. Dielectric kurasikirwa mune yakazara waveguides
Iwo maviri ekupedzisira akafanana nekurasikirwa kunoenderana mumitsetse yekoaxial uye ese ari maviri madiki.Kurasikirwa uku kunoenderana nemadziro emadziro uye kushata kwayo, iyo dielectric inoshandiswa uye frequency (nekuda kwekuita kweganda).Kune conduit yendarira, huwandu hunobva ku4 dB / 100m pa5 GHz kusvika 12 dB / 100m pa10 GHz, asi kune aluminium conduit, huwandu hwakaderera.Kune sirivha-yakavharwa waveguides, kurasikirwa kunowanzo 8dB/100m pa35 GHz, 30dB/100m pa70 GHz, uye pedyo ne500 dB/100m pa200 GHz.Kuti uderedze kurasikirwa, kunyanya pamatunhu akakwirira, mawaveguides dzimwe nguva anoputirwa (mukati) negoridhe kana platinamu.
Sezvatotaurwa, iyo waveguide inoshanda seyakakwira-pass sefa.Kunyangwe iyo waveguide pachayo isingarasikike, ma frequency ari pasi pe cutoff frequency akadzikiswa zvakanyanya.Uku kudzikisira kunokonzerwa nekufungisisa pamuromo waveguide kwete kuparadzira.
Waveguide coupling:
Waveguide coupling inowanzoitika kuburikidza neflanges kana waveguide zvidimbu kana zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete.Basa rei flange iyi ndere kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwemagetsi uye akakodzera magetsi emagetsi, kunyanya yakaderera kunze kwemwaranzi uye kuderera kwemukati kuratidza.
Flange:
Waveguide flanges anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumicrowave kutaurirana, radar masisitimu, satellite kutaurirana, antenna masisitimu, uye michina yemurabhoritari mukutsvagisa kwesainzi.Iwo anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvewaveguide, shuwa kuti kuvuza uye kukanganisa kunodzivirirwa, uye chengetedza kurongeka chaiko kweiyo waveguide kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro Kuvimbika kutapurirana uye kunyatsomira kwema frequency emagetsi mafungu.Yakajairika waveguide ine flange kumagumo ega ega, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 5.
mufananidzo 5 (a) plain flange;(b)flange coupling.
Pakudzika mafrequency iyo flange ichave yakashongedzwa kana kuti welded kune waveguide, nepo pakakwirira mafrequency a flatter butt flat flange inoshandiswa.Kana zvikamu zviviri zvabatanidzwa, maflange anosungwa pamwe chete, asi migumo inofanirwa kupedzwa zvakanaka kudzivirira discontinuities mukubatana.Zviripachena kuti zviri nyore kuwiriranisa zvikamu nemazvo pamwe nezvimwe zvigadziriso, saka mafungu madiki esaisai dzimwe nguva anoshongedzerwa neshinda dzakarukwa dzinogona kukwizwa pamwe chete nering nut.Sezvo frequency inowedzera, saizi yewaveguide coupling inodzikira, uye kubatanidza kusaenderera kunova hombe mukuenzana nechiratidzo wavelength uye waveguide size.Naizvozvo, discontinuities pamatunhu akakwira zvakanyanya kunetsa.
mufananidzo 6 (a)Chikamu chakachinjika chekubatanidza kukachidzwa;(b)kuonekwa kwekupedzisira kwekachidzwa flange
Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri, mukaha mudiki unogona kusiiwa pakati pemasaisai, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Kubatana kwekukachidza kunosanganisira flange yakajairwa uye chinokachidza flange chakabatana pamwechete.Kuripa zvinobvira discontinuities, denderedzwa yakachinga mhete ine L-yakaita muchinjiko-chikamu inoshandiswa mune yakachinga flange kuti iwane yakanyatsokodzera kubatana.Kusiyana neakajairwa flanges, kukachidza flanges inonzwa frequency, asi dhizaini yakagadziridzwa inogona kuve nechokwadi bandwidth inonzwisisika (zvichida gumi muzana yepakati frequency) pamusoro peiyo SWR isingapfuure 1.05.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-15-2024
