Mudzidziso yeantenna, hukama huripo pakati pehurefu hweantenna uye marefu ekushanda kwewavelength ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa mashandiro emwaranzi. Antena refu yewaya muenzaniso wakajairika. Kusiyana nedipole pfupi kana kuti hafu yewaya, antena refu yewaya inowanzova nehurefu hwepanyama hwakakura kupfuura wavelength imwe chete kana kuti inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda zvehafu yewaya.
Muchidimbu, kureba kweantenna refu yewaya kunogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
L = nx lambda / 2
Muchirevo ichi, L ihurefu hweantenna, lambda ihurefu hwewavelength, uye n inomiririra huwandu hwezvikamu zvehafu-wavelength. Sezvo hurefu huchiwedzera, patani yemwaranzi yeantenna inova yakananga zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti antenna refu yewaya inogona kusanganisa simba rakawanda mune mamwe mativi pane kupenya zvakaenzana kumativi ese.
Nei Kureba kweAntena Kuchikosha
Kureba kweAntena kunokanganisa zvakananga kugoverwa kwemagetsi, impedance, gain uye radiation pattern. Kana antenna yareba, magetsi ari pawaya haachashandi se radiator pfupi. Pane kudaro, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvewaya zvinobatsira pakugadzirwa kwemwaranzi yekupedzisira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, antenna inogona kugadzira matanda akatetepa, ma lobes akawanda uye kutungamira kwakakwirira.
Kune mainjiniya vanoshanda neRF antenna design, communication systems kana antenna measurement, kunzwisisa hukama uhwu kunobatsira. Kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zve microwave antenna zvemazuva ano zvingashandisa horn antennas, waveguide structures, planar antennas kana reflector antennas, musimboti wekutanga unoramba wakafanana: wavelength, physical structure uye radiation behavior zvakabatana zvakanyanya.
Mhando mbiri huru dzeAntennas refu dzeWaya
Maantenna ewaya marefu anowanzo kurukurwa muzvikamu zviviri: maantenna anorira uye maantenna asingarirani.
Antena refu ine waya inorira inoshanda pafrequency apo mafungu akamira anoumbwa pamwe chete neconductor. Muchiitiko ichi, kureba kweantena kwakabatana zvakanyanya nefrequency yekushanda. Simba rinofamba pamwe chete neantena uye chikamu charo chinogona kuratidzwa, zvichigadzira pattern yemafungu akamira. Nekuda kwemaitiro aya, antena refu ine waya inorira inowanzoonekwa semaumbirwo enguva pfupi uye inogona kuratidza hunhu hwemwaranzi yedivi rimwe nerimwe.
Antena refu isina resonant inowanzogadzirwa kuderedza kuratidzwa uye kutsigira maitiro ekufamba-famba. Antena inowanzo miswa nemutoro wakakodzera kuitira kuti mafungu afambe nenzira imwe chete. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mafungu akamira uye zvinogona kuita kuti mwaranzi yeantena idzorerwe zvakanyanya. Murudzi urwu rweantena, kufananidza impedance kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kunokanganisa kuti simba rinounzwa sei uye rinoburitswa sei.
Maitiro eRadiation uye Kutungamira
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheantenna refu yewaya ndechekutungamira kwayo. Sezvo kureba kwewaya kuchiwedzera, antenna inogona kugadzira mwaranzi yakasimba munzira dzakasarudzwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi nguva dzose kuti dhizaini yacho inova nyore. Waya refu inogonawo kugadzira mativi akawanda, ayo anofanira kufungwa nezvawo mukugadzira system uye kuyedza antenna.
Pakushandisa RF, mainjiniya anofanirwa kuongorora maitiro emwaranzi yeantenna, gain, polarization uye impedance. Aya ma parameter anobatsira kuona kana antenna yakakodzera kutaurirana, masisitimu ekuyedza, kuyedza kwerabhoritari kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzeRF.
Kubatana neRF uye Microwave Testing
Kunyangwe maantenna marefu ewaya achiwanzo shandiswa semusoro wenyaya wedzidziso yeantenna, pfungwa dziri shure kwawo dzinokoshawo muRF uye microwave engineering. Mukuyedza maantenna ehunyanzvi, mainjiniya vanowanzo enzanisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemaantenna nekuyera gain, VSWR, directionactivity, polarization uye radiation pattern.
RF MISO inogadzira uye inogadzira maantenna nemidziyo yekutaurirana yekushandiswa kwemasystem ekutengeserana, ekuyedza uye ekuyedza. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita semaantenna ehorn, waveguide probes, maantenna ereflector, maantenna eplanar uye zvikamu zve microwave zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyera maantenna, kuyedza kweRF uye kutsvagisa masisitimu ekutaurirana. Kunzwisisa dzidziso ye antenna yekutanga kunobatsira mainjiniya kusarudza maantenna akakodzera uye kuvaka masisitimu ekuyedza akavimbika.
Semuenzaniso, pakusarudza antenna yekuyedza, mainjiniya angangoda kufunga nezve:
- Mafambiro ekushanda
- Kuwana nekutungamira
- Kupatsanurana
- VSWR uye kufananidza impedance
- Kugadzikana kwepatani yemwaranzi
- Maumbirwo emakanika nemamiriro ekuisa
- Kuenderana nehurongwa hwekuyera
Zvinhu izvi hazvingogumiri pa antenna refu dzewaya chete. Zvakakoshawo kune antenna dze microwave horn, antenna dze waveguide uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zveRF antenna.
Zvishandiso uye Kukosha kweUinjiniya
Dzidziso yeantenna yewaya refu inobatsira pakunzwisisa mwaranzi inotungamira, dhizaini ine chekuita nehurefu hwewaya uye maitiro ekufamba-famba. Mubasa reinjiniya chairo, misimboti yakafanana inoonekwa muzvivakwa zvakawanda zveantenna, kusanganisira maantenna eV, maantenna erhombic, maantenna elog-periodic uye mamwe masisitimu eantenna anotungamira.
Pakushandiswa kweRF ne microwave kwemazuva ano, mashandiro e antenna anofanira kusimbiswa kuburikidza nekuyera kwakakodzera. Antena yakagadzirwa zvakanaka haifanirwe kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvedzidziso chete asiwo kushanda zvakavimbika munzvimbo chaiyo yekushanda. Ndosaka kuyerwa kwe antenna uye kuyedzwa kwe RF zviri zvikamu zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa uye kubatanidzwa kwesystem.
Mhedziso
Antena refu yewaya ipfungwa yakakosha mudzidziso yeantena. Kureba kwayo, urefu hwewaya, mamiriro eresonance uye nzira yekugumisa zvese zvinokanganisa patani yemwaranzi uye kutungamira. Nekunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati peantena refu yewaya inopenya uye isiri inopenya, mainjiniya vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti chimiro cheantena chinokanganisa sei mashandiro eRF.
Kune vatengi vanoshanda pakuyera antenna, kuyedza microwave, masisitimu ekutaurirana kana kutsvagisa murabhoritari, RF MISO inopa zvigadzirwa zveantenna uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi kune akasiyana siyana maRF uye ma microwave applications. Bata RF MISO kuti ukurukure nezvehuwandu hwema frequency anodiwa, mhando yeantenna uye zvinodiwa pakuyedza.
CHIKAMU CHEMIBVUNZO INOBVUNZWA PAMUSORO PEZVINOBVUNZA
Mubvunzo 1: Chii chinonzi antenna refu yewaya?
Antena refu yewaya iantenna ine hurefu hwayo hunowanzo pfuura urefu hwewaya imwe chete kana kuti ine zvikamu zvakawanda zvehafu yewaya. Magadzirirwo ayo emwaranzi anova akananga zvakanyanya sezvo hurefu hweantena huchiwedzera.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peantenna dzewaya refu dzinoita resonant nedzisingaite resonant?
Antena yewaya refu inorira inoumba mafungu akamira pamafrequencies chaiwo, nepo antena yewaya refu isingarirani inowanzogadzirwa kutsigira maitiro ekufamba-famba uye kuderedza kupenya kuburikidza nekugumisa kwakakodzera.
Mubvunzo wechitatu: Sei kuyerwa kweantenna kuchikosha?
Kuyerwa kweAntena kunobatsira kuona kuwedzera, patani yemwaranzi, polarization, VSWR uye kufananidza impedance. Izvi zvakakosha pakuyedzwa kweRF, masisitimu ekutaurirana uye mashandisirwo ema microwave.
Mubvunzo wechina: Dzidziso yeantenna yewaya refu ine chekuita sei nekuyedzwa kweantenna ye microwave?
Dzidziso yeantenna yewaya refu inotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pehurefu hwewaya, kureba kweantenna uye maitiro emwaranzi. Mitemo iyi inobatsirawo pakuongorora antenna dzehorn, antenna dzewaveguide, antenna dzereflector nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zveRF antenna.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-03-2026
