Chii chinonzi Helical Antenna?
Antena yehelical, inozivikanwawo se helix antenna, i wire antenna inoumbwa nekumonera waya inofambisa mhepo kana chubhu kuita three-dimensional helix. Kugumira kwe helix kunowanzo batanidzwa ne centre conductor ye feed line, nepo outer conductor ichibatanidzwa ne ground plane yesimbi kana reflector.
Magadzirirwo ayo akasiyana anobvumira antenna kushanda nenzira dzakasiyana dzemwaranzi zvichienderana nehukama huripo pakati pehukuru hwe helix uye urefu hwewavelength.
Pakati pemhando idzi,nzira ye axialinonyanya kukosha muRF uye microwave engineering nekuti inogona kupa mwaranzi inotungamira, bandwidth yakafara, uye denderedzwa polarization. Hunhu uhu hunoita kuti ma helical antenna abatsire mu satellite links, telemetry, tracking, space communication, radio astronomy, uye mamwe maapplication uko antenna orientation inogona kuchinja.
Kushanda kwenguva refu kweantenna yehelical hakungogumiri pabhendi rimwe chete rakagadzika. Asi, inonyanya kutsanangurwa nehukuru hwayo hwemuviri kana tichienzanisa nehurefu hwewavelength. Saka maumbirwo ehelical anogona kugadzirwa kuti ashandiswe muVHF neUHF systems pamwe nekushandiswa kweRF ne microwave kwakakwira.
Mufananidzo 1. Muenzaniso wemaantenna ehelical anoshandiswa muhurongwa hwekutaurirana hwedivi.
Chimiro Chekutanga cheHelical Antenna
Antena yakajairika ine zvikamu zvikuru zvina:
- Mutyairi weHelical
- Chiratidziro chepasi kana kuti girazi repasi
- Nzvimbo yekudyisa yeRF
- Chimiro chekutsigira michina
Helix inowanzogadzirwa newaya dzemhangura, machubhu, kana chimwe chinhu chinofambisa mhepo. Chimwe mugumo chakabatana neconductor yepakati yetambo yekufambisa mhepo yecoaxial, nepo conductor yekunze yecoaxial yakabatana nemagetsi nepasi.
Nzvimbo yepasi inobatsira kudzora divi remwaranzi uye inoshanda sechikamu chechimiro chekudyisa antenna. Mumagadzirirwo anoshanda, saizi yayo inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya impedance, mashandiro emberi-kumashure, uye patani yemwaranzi inobuda.
Maparamita akati wandei ejometri anosarudza maitiro emagetsi eantena:
- D — Dhayamita yeHelix
- C — Kutenderera kwekutenderera kumwe chete
- S — Nzvimbo iri pakati pemakona ari pedyo
- N — Nhamba yekutendeuka
- α — Kona yekudzika
- L — Hurefu hwese hwe axial
Kutenderera kwacho ndekwekuti:
[C=\pi D]
Kona yekukwirira inogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
[\alpha=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{S}{\pi D}\right)]
Ma parameter aya haagone kutariswa ega nekuti kushandura divi rimwe chete kunochinja impedance ye antenna, polarization, beamwidth, gain, uye operating frequency.
Mufananidzo 2. Chimiro cheantenna chehelical chine helix conductor uye ground-plane reflector.
Nzira mbiri huru dzemwaranzi
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zveantenna inotenderera ndechekuti chimiro chimwe chete chinogona kugadzira mapatani emwaranzi akasiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo hwemagetsi.
Nzira mbiri dzekushanda dzinotaurwa nezvadzo ndeidzi:
- Maitiro akajairika
- Axial mode
Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pemamodhi maviri aya kwakakosha pakusarudza kana kugadzira antenna inotenderera.
Antena yeHelical yeNormal-Mode
In maitiro akajairika, dhayamita yese uye nzvimbo ye helix idiki pamagetsi kana tichienzanisa newavelength.
Mwaranzi inonyanya kutungamirirwa zvakananga padivi pe helix pane kuti iende pairi. Maitiro e electromagnetic anogona kunzwisiswa semusanganiswa weminda inogadzirwa ne short electric dipole ne small loop.
Zvichienderana ne geometry ye helix, angle ye pitch, kurongeka kwe feed, uye gwara rekutarisa, polarization inozobuda inogona kunge iri linear, elliptical, kana mune mamwe magadzirirwo ari pedyo nedenderedzwa.
Mahelice emhando yeNormal anowanzova madiki, asi saizi dzawo diki dzemagetsi dzinoita kuti pave nekusagona kushandisa mwaranzi kwakaderera. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekushanda kwemwaranzi uye bandwidth yakamanikana kupfuura dhizaini yeaxial-mode.
Saka zvinobatsira kana saizi yeantenna iri dambudziko guru uye kuwedzera kwakanyanya hakudiwi.
Mufananidzo 3. Patani yemwaranzi inoratidza antenna yemhando yakajairika.
Antena yeHelical yeAxial-Mode
Iyonzira ye axial, dzimwe nguva inonzi end-fire mode, ndiyo gadziriro inowanzo batanidzwa neantenna dzehelical dzinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Mune iyi nzira, simba remagetsi rinopfuudzwa zvakanyanya pamwe chete ne axis ye helix, zvichiita kuti danda rienderere mberi.
Dhizaini yakajairika ye axial-mode inoshandisa denderedzwa re helix rinofanana ne wavelength imwe chete:
[C \approx \lambda]
Nzvimbo yekutendeuka inowanzo kutenderera:
[S \approx 0.2\lambda \text{ to } 0.3\lambda]
ine inenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chewavelength iri nzvimbo inowanzo tangira.
Kune akawanda magadzirirwo emhando dzeaxial-mode, mapitch angles anotenderera 12°–14° anowanzo shandiswa.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera ejometri, minda inogadzirwa nekutenderera kwakatevedzana inobatana zvakanaka pamwe chete ne helix axis. Izvi zvinogadzira danda rakanangana pamwe chete nedenderedzwa kana kuti pedyo nedenderedzwa.
Kuwanda kwematendeuko kunokanganisawo mashandiro eantenna. Kuwedzera huwandu hwematendeuko kunogona kuwedzera kutungamira uye kuwedzera ukuwo kuchideredza danda guru, kunyangwe magadzirirwo anoshanda achifanirawo kufunga nezvehurefu hwemakanika, kurasikirwa neconductor, kuenderana kweimpedance, uye zvirambidzo zvekuisa.
Mufananidzo 4. Patani yemwaranzi yeaxial-mode helical antenna ine danda guru rinoenda mberi.
Kutenderera kwePolarization yeRuoko Rwerudyi neRuboshwe
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zve axial-mode helical antenna kugona kwayo kugadzira denderedzwa polarization.
Zvichienderana nekwakatenderedzwa uye kwakatenderedzwa nemwaranzi, helix inogona kugadzirwa kuti igadzire zvinotevera:
- RHCP — Kupatsanurana kweRuoko Rwerudyi
- LHCP — Kupatsanurana kweRuoko Rweruboshwe
Polarization yedenderedzwa inonyanya kubatsira kana kurongeka pakati pemaantenna anotumira neanogamuchira kusingagone kuramba kwakasimba.
Semuenzaniso, masateraiti, zvitundumuseremusere, mapuratifomu emhepo, masisitimu anotenderera, uye michina yekutaurirana inofambiswa nefoni zvinogona kuchinja mafambiro azvo nguva nenguva. Antena yakatenderera inogona kuderedza kunzwisiswa kwekubatana kwekutaurirana kune iyi angular variation.
Kufananidza polarization kuchiri kukosha. Antena yeRHCP zvakanaka kuti ishande neRHCP antenna, nepo LHCP antenna ichiwanzo batanidzwa neLHCP antenna. Kupesana kwedenderedzwa polarizations kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwepolarization.
Pakuongorora mainjiniya,chiyero che axialinowanzoshandiswa kutsanangura hunhu hwedenderedzwa-polarization. Wave yakanaka yakatenderera ine polarized ratio ye0 dB, nepo maantenna anoshanda akatenderera anowanzo ongororwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zve axial-ratio zvakatarwa mukati mefrequency inodiwa uye angular range.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda kweHelical Antenna
Maitiro eantenna inotenderera ane hukama hwakasimba ne geometry yayo.
Zvikamu zvakakosha zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira:
Kutenderera kweHelix
Hukama huripo pakati pedenderedzwa newavelength hunoita basa guru pakuona kana antenna ichishanda mu normal mode kana axial mode.
Kuchinja Nzvimbo
Kupatsanurana kunokanganisa hukama hwechikamu pakati pemafungu ari pamativi ekutenderera ari pedyo uye nokudaro kunokanganisa kutungamira kwemwaranzi, impedance, uye polarization.
Angle yeKudzika
Kona yekukwira kwegomo inotsanangura kuti helix inofamba nekukurumidza sei ichitevedza axis yayo. Ipfungwa yakakosha yekuchengetedza maitiro akasimba e axial-mode.
Nhamba yeMatendeuko
Kutenderera kwakawanda kunowanzo wedzera mukana wemagetsi uye kunogona kupa kutungamira kwakanyanya, asi kunowedzerawo kureba kweantenna uye kuoma kwemuchina.
Ndege Yepasi
Saizi uye chimiro chegirazi zvinopesvedzera patani yemwaranzi yekumberi, impedance, uye mwaranzi yekumashure.
Kufananidza Kudya uye Impedance
Kunyangwe kana paine saizi chaiyo ye helix, kusakwanisa kuenderana kwe impedance kunogona kuwedzera simba rinoratidzwa uye kuderedza mashandiro e antenna. Saka magadzirirwo anoshanda anofanirwa kuongorora kurasikirwa kwekudzoka kana VSWR pamwe chete nehunhu hwemwaranzi.
Maitiro emwaranzi uye kuwana
Muchimiro cheaxial, antenna inotenderera inogadzira danda guru rakanangana nechepakati pe helix axis.
Sezvo kureba kwemagetsi uye huwandu hwekutenderera kuchiwedzera, danda guru rinowanzova rakatetepa uye antenna directionivity inowedzera. Makona epadivi anogonawo kuoneka, kunyanya muzvivakwa zvakareba kana zvisina kunaka.
Saka antenna haifanirwe kuongororwa nekuwana chete. Mainjiniya vanowanzo funga nezvehunhu hwakati wandei pamwe chete:
- Kuwana
- Pfuma inowanikwa
- Upamhi hwehafu yesimba remwenje
- Chiyero cheAxial
- VSWR kana kurasikirwa kwekudzoka
- Chiyero chepamberi nepashure
- Chikamu chedivi
- Kuchena kwepolarization
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwemwaranzi
Musanganiswa uyu wema parameter unopa mufananidzo wakakwana wekushanda kwe antenna kupfuura kukosha kwekuwedzera kamwe chete.
Mabhenefiti eHelical Antennas
Ma antenna e helical anopa mabhenefiti akawanda anobatsira einjiniya:
- Kuvaka kwemuchina kuri nyore
- Kugona kwechisikigo kutenderera-polarization mu axial mode
- Bandwidth inoshanda inoshanda
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwekutungamira
- Geometry inokwanisika yemhando dzakasiyana dzema frequency
- Kushandiswa kweRHCP kana LHCP kunochinjika
- Yakakodzera maantenna ega ega kana ma antenna arrays
Miganhu Yekugadzira
Panewo zvinhu zvakati wandei zvekufunga nezvazvo:
- Magadzirirwo eAxial-mode angada kureba kwakawanda
- Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunowanzoda kutenderera kwakawanda uye nekudaro antenna yakareba
- Kushanda zvakanaka kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekururama kwejometri
- Kukura kwepasi nepasi kunokanganisa hunhu hwemwaranzi
- Kufananidza chikafu kunofanirwa kugadzirwa nemazvo
- Rutsigiro rwemakanika runonyanya kukosha pahuwandu hwemakonzo akawandisa
- Kunzwa kwakapesana kwedenderedzwa-polarization kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwepolarization kusawirirana
Maitiro Akajairika
Ma antenna e helical anogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeRF systems, dzinosanganisira:
- Kutaurirana nesatellite
- Telemetry uye kutevera zvemuchadenga
- Kutaurirana kwechiteshi chepasi
- Nyeredzi yeredhiyo
- Masisitimu ekutaurirana nendege nendege
- RF telemetry
- Zvinongedzo zveVHF neUHF zvinotungamira
- Kuona zviri kure
- Kuyera uye kutsvagisa maAntena
- Kuedza kwedenderedzwa-polarization
- Kuedzwa kwehurongwa hwekutaurirana
Nei Helical Antennas Inokosha muRF Engineering
Antena inotenderera muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti geometry yeantena inodzora sei maitiro emagetsi.
Nekuchinja maparamita akadai sedenderedzwa, nzvimbo, kona yekukwirira, uye huwandu hwekutenderera, mainjiniya vanogona kufamba kubva pa radiator ine broadside compact kuenda kune antenna ine polarized denderedzwa.
Hukama uhwu huripo pakati pemajiyometri emuviri nekushanda kwemagetsi hunokoshawo pakudzidza matekinoroji epamusoro-soro eantenna akadai semaantenna ehorn ane polarized circularly, antenna arrays, satellite antennas, broadband measurement antennas, uye microwave communication systems.
RF MISO inogadzira maantenna nezvikamu zve microwave zvekuongorora RF, kutaurirana, radar, kuyerwa kwe antenna, uye mashandisirwo ekubatanidza masisitimu. Kunzwisisa maumbirwo e antenna ekutanga akadai se helical antenna kunobatsira mainjiniya kuongorora zviri nani ma parameter akakosha anosanganisira frequency range, gain, polarization, axial ratio, beamwidth, VSWR, uye radiation pattern.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-07-2026
