Radiation izwi rinotsanangura simba remafungu emagetsi anotumirwa kana kugamuchirwa neantenna. Mune chero mufananidzo weantenna, dhayagiramu inoratidza hunhu hwemwaranzi yeantenna inozivikanwa sepatani yayo yemwaranzi. Nekutarisa patani yemwaranzi, munhu anogona kunzwisisa mashandiro uye kutungamira kweantenna. Simba rinoburitswa neantenna rinokanganisa nzvimbo dziri pedyo nemunda nedzekure.
Pamifananidzo, mwaranzi inogona kuratidzwa sebasa renzvimbo yekona yeantenna uye daro reradial. Basa iri remasvomhu rinotsanangura hunhu hwemwaranzi yeantenna, inowanzomiririrwa nemunda wemagetsi E(θ,ϕ) uye munda wemagineti H(θ,ϕ) muzvikamu zvedenderedzwa.
Muenzaniso weMwaranzi
Simba rinoburitswa neantenna rinoratidzwa nemwaranzi yaro. Mwaranzi imufananidzo unoratidza kuti simba rinoburitswa rinoparadzirwa sei muchadenga senzira yekutungamira. Ngatitarisei maitiro akajairika emwaranzi yesimba.
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza patani yemwaranzi yedipole antenna. Simba rinopfurwa rinomiririrwa nepatani yakarongwa nenzira dzakatarwa, nemiseve inoratidza divi remwaranzi. Patani dzemwaranzi dzinogona kurongwa sepatani dzemunda kana patani dzesimba.
•Mapatani emunda anoenderana nemagetsi nemagetsi uye anowanzo nyorwa pachikero chelogarithmic.
•Maitiro esimba anoenderana nehukuru hwesimba remagetsi neremagineti uye anowanzo nyorwa pachikero che logarithmic, kureva, mu dB.
Patani yemwaranzi ye3D
Patani yemwaranzi ye3D igrafu ine mativi matatu yakarongwa muzvikamu zvedenderedzwa (r,θ,ϕ), ine mavambo ayo ari pakati pehurongwa hwemakodheni. Inoonekwa sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi —
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza patani yemwaranzi ye3D yeantenna inotenderera kune rumwe rutivi, ichiratidza zvakajeka maaxes matatu e coordinate (x, y, z).
Muenzaniso weMwaranzi we2D
Patani yemwaranzi ye2D inogona kuwanikwa nekukamura patani ye3D kuita mapurani akatwasuka uye akatwasuka. Mapatani maviri anobuda anonzi patani yendege yakatwasuka uye patani yendege yakatwasuka, zvichiteerana.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mufananidzo unoratidza patani yemwaranzi yeantenna inotenderera mundege yeH nendege yeV. Ndege yeH inomiririra patani yakatwasuka, nepo ndege yeV ichimiririra patani yakatwasuka.
Kuumbwa kweLobe
Mukufananidzira mapatani emwaranzi, maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana anowanzo sangana, anoratidza nzvimbo huru nediki dzemwaranzi. Nzvimbo idzi dzinobatsira kuongorora kushanda zvakanaka kwemwaranzi yeantenna. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi, unoratidza patani yemwaranzi yeantenna yedipole.
Munzira yemwaranzi, kazhinji pane chikamu chikuru, chikamu chemativi, uye chikamu chekumashure.
•Chikamu chikuru chemunda une radiation, chinofukidza nzvimbo yakakura, chinonzi main lobe kana kuti main beam. Apa ndipo panowanikwa simba guru rine radiation, uye gwara rayo rinoratidza kutungamira kweantenna.
•Zvimwe zvikamu zvepatani yemwaranzi zvinoparadzirwa kurutivi zvinonzi mativi kana kuti madiki madiki. Idzi inzvimbo dzinoshandiswa simba.
•Pamusoro pezvo, kune chikamu chakatarisana nechikamu chikuru, chinozivikanwa sechikamu chekumashure, icho chiriwo rudzi rwechikamu chekumativi. Simba rakawanda rinoparara pano zvakare.
Muenzaniso
Kana antenna inoshandiswa muradar system ikagadzira mativi enzvimbo, kutevera chinangwa kunova kwakaoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mativi aya anounza zvinangwa zvisiri zvechokwadi. Kusiyanisa zvinangwa zvechokwadi kubva kune zvisiri zvechokwadi kunonetsa zvikuru. Saka, kuti uvandudze mashandiro uye kuchengetedza simba, mativi aya enzvimbo anofanira kudzvinyirirwa kana kubviswa.
Kuyera Kugadzirisa
Simba rinoraswa nenzira iyi rinofanira kushandiswa. Kana madiki aya akabviswa uye simba iroro rikaendeswa kune rimwe divi—kureva, kumucheto mukuru—kutungamira kweantenna kunowedzera, nokudaro zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanaka.
Mhando dzeMapatani eMwaranzi
Mhando dzakajairika dzemapatani emwaranzi dzinosanganisira:
•Omnidirectional Pattern (inonziwo nondirectional pattern): Pattern iyi inowanzoonekwa sechimiro chedonut mu3D view, nepo mu2D view ichiumba pattern yenhamba-eight.
•Pencil-Beam Pattern: Beam rinoratidza chimiro chakapinza, chakaita sepenzura.
•Patani yeBeam yeFan: Beam rinova patani yakaita sefeni.
•Patani yeBeam Yakaumbwa: Beam isina kufanana isina patani yakajairwa inonzi patani yebeam yakaumbwa.
Nzvimbo yekureva mhando dzese idzi dzemwaranzi imwaranzi yeisotropic. Kunyangwe hazvo mwaranzi yeisotropic isingaonekwe panyama, ichiri chinhu chakakosha.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2026
