Chii chinonzi V Antenna?
Antena yeAV iantenna yewaya inotenderera inoumbwa nezvinhu zviviri zvinofambisa mhepo zvinobuda kunze kubva panzvimbo imwe chete yekudyisa. Kana zvichionekwa kubva kumusoro, makumbo maviri eantena anoumba chimiro chakajeka chakaita seV.
Antena yeV inogona kuonekwa senzira yakagadziridzwa yema radiator maviri ane waya refu. Nekusarudza kureba kwegumbo kwakakodzera uye kona yakabatanidzwa, mwaranzi inogadzirwa newaya mbiri inogona kusimba munzira dzakasarudzwa, ichipa kutungamira kukuru kupfuura antena imwe chete yakatwasuka ine waya refu.
Maantenna eV anowanzo batanidzwa nemasisitimu ekukurukurirana ane mafrequency akawanda, kunyanya muHF range. Zvisinei, mafrequency avo ekushanda haatariswe nebhendi rakagadzika chete. Kushanda chaiko kunoenderana nehurefu hwemagetsi hwegumbo rega rega, kona yepamusoro, nzira yekudyisa, kukwirira kwekuisa, mamiriro epasi akakomberedza, uye kana magumo ewaya akavhurika kana kuti akagumira.
Maumbirwo uye Nheyo yeKushanda
Antena yeV yakajairika ine zvinhu zviviri zvewaya refu zvakabatana nenzvimbo yekudyisa yakaenzana pamusoro peV. Mafungu ari mumakumbo maviri anoshamiswa zvakasiyana, zvichireva kuti ane hukuru hwakaenzana uye mativi akasiyana panguva imwe chete panzvimbo yekudyisa.
Waya yega yega inogadzira pateni yayo yemwaranzi. Kana antenna geometry yakasarudzwa nemazvo, mativi makuru emwaranzi anogadzirwa nemakumbo maviri anopindirana uye anobatana pamwe chete nepakati peV. Kuwedzera uku kwemunda kunowedzera simba remwaranzi munzira inodiwa uye kunovandudza kutungamira kweantenna.
Makona maviri anowanzo shandiswa pakutsanangura chimiro:
- Kona iri pakati pemakumbo maviri eantenna ndiyo kona yakabatanidzwa kana kuti yepamusoro.
- Kona iri pakati pegumbo rimwe nepakati pegumbo ihafu yekona iri mukati.
Kona yepamusoro haisi kukosha kwakatarwa kwese. Inoshanduka zvichienderana nehurefu hwemagetsi hwemakumbo eantenna uye frequency yekushanda inotarisirwa.
Chimiro cheantenna yeV chine zvinhu zviviri zvewaya refu uye kona yepamusoro
MaAntenna eV Ane Resonant uye Akagumiswa
Maantenna eV anogona kukamurwa kuita magadzirirwo maviri.
Antena yeV ine magumo akavhurika kana kuti inonzwika inoratidza chikamu chemafungu emagetsi kubva kumagumo emakondirakita ayo. Mafungu aya anogadzira mafungu akamira pamakumbo eantena. Rudzi urwu rweantena runowanzo gadzira pateni yemwaranzi inotenderera mbiri, ine mwaranzi yakasimba kumativi maviri akasiyana padivi peantena.
Antena yeV yakavharwa inoshandisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kumagumo ewaya mbiri. Zvinhu izvi zvinoderedza kupenya kwemagetsi uye zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kushanda kwemafungu ekufamba. Izvi zvinogona kudzvinyirira mwaranzi iri munzira yakatarisana uye kugadzira patani yemoto wekupedzisira.
Dhizaini yakagumiswa inowanzopa maitiro akarongeka ekutungamira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakura yema frequency, asi rimwe simba reRF rinonyangarika muma resistors anogumira. Saka mugadziri weantenna anofanira kuyera bandwidth, directivity, kushanda zvakanaka, uye zvinodiwa zvekubata simba.
Range yeFrequency uye Hurefu hweMagetsi
Maantenna echinyakare eV anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhuwandu hweHF kubva pa3 kusvika 30 MHz nekuti marefu ewavelengths ari mubhendi iyi anoita kuti zvivakwa zveantenna zvakagadzirwa newaya zvishande pakuisa kutaurirana kwakasimba.
Zvisinei, antenna yeV inotsanangurwa nejometri yayo nehurefu hwayo hwemagetsi kwete nefrequency imwe chete inodiwa. Gumbo rega rega rinogona kunge rakareba hafu yewavelength, wavelength imwe chete, kana wavelength dzakawanda, zvichienderana neradiation pattern inodiwa uye gain.
Sezvo kureba kwemagetsi emakumbo kuchiwedzera, kutungamira kweantenna kunogona kuwedzera. Panguva imwe chete, mamwe ma lobes epadivi anogona kuoneka, uye pateni yemwaranzi inogona kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya nefrequency, kukwirira kwekuisa, kufambisa kwepasi, uye kushivirira kwekuvaka.
Maitiro eRadiation uye Kutungamira
Magadzirirwo emwaranzi eantenna yeV inorira anowanzo kuve maviri. Minda inogadzirwa nezvinhu zviviri zvewaya inobatana kuti igadzire ma major lobes akaenzana nepakati peV.
Maitiro ekupedzisira emwaranzi anotsanangurwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei:
- Kureba kwegumbo rega rega reantenna
- Kona iri pakati pemakumbo yakabatanidzwa
- Kushanda kakawanda
- Kupindirana kwenzvimbo yekudya uye kuenderana
- Kureba kwekuisa pamusoro pevhu
- Dhayamita yewaya uye kurasikirwa kwemutyairi
- Kurongeka kwakavhurika kana kwakagumiswa
Kuwedzera urefu hwegumbo kunogona kukonzera kutungamira kwakanyanya, asi kunogonawo kugadzira mativi akasimba. Nechikonzero ichi, kuwedzera kweantenna hakufanirwe kutariswa zvakazvimiririra kubva pahupamhi hwebeam, side-lobe level, front-to-back ratio, uye impedance performance.
Patani yemwaranzi yemativi maviri yeantenna yeV inopenya
Kudyisa uye Kufananidza Impedance
Nekuti antenna yeV inowanzova waya yakaenzana, inowanzopihwa tambo yekutumira yakaenzana. Kana tambo yecoaxial ikashandiswa, balun yakakodzera kana network inoenderana inogona kudiwa kuderedza simba remagetsi rinowanzo shandiswa patambo uye kuchengetedza patani yemwaranzi yakafanana.
Kupindira kweimpedance kunochinja zvichienderana nehurefu hwegumbo, kona yepamusoro, frequency yekushanda, kukwirira kwekuisa, uye zvivakwa zviri pedyo. Kufananidza kwakakodzera kweimpedance kwakakosha pakuderedza simba rinoratidzwa uye kuwana kushanda kwakasimba kwesystem.
Mukugadzira antenna inoshanda, mainjiniya anowanzo ongorora kurasikirwa kwekudzoka, VSWR, patani yemwaranzi, kuwana, polarization, uye kushanda zvakanaka vasati vapedzisa geometry yeantenna.
Mabhenefiti eV Antennas
Antena yeV ine mabhenefiti akawanda anoshanda:
- Kuvaka kwakavakirwa pawaya kuri nyore
- Kutungamira kwepamusoro kupfuura chinhu chimwe chete chewaya refu
- Mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera
- Yakakodzera kuiswa kweHF hombe dzakagadziriswa
- Kureba kwegumbo rinochinjika uye dhizaini yekona yepamusoro
- Inowanikwa muchimiro che "resonant" uye "traveling-wave configurations"
Miganhu Yekugadzira
Maantenna eV anewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi:
- Zvinoda nzvimbo yakakura yekuisa pamafrequencies akaderera.
- Magadzirirwo eResonant anogona kugadzira mafungu akasimba.
- Makumbo marefu eantenna anogona kugadzira mativi akakosha.
- Mashandiro anogona kuchinja zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuwanda kwemabasa.
- Mamiriro epasi uye kukwirira kwekuisa zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro emwaranzi.
- Shanduro dzakagumiswa dzinorasikirwa nekushanda zvakanaka nekuti simba rinotorwa nemitoro.
Maitiro Akajairika
Maantenna eV agara achishandiswa mu:
- Kutaurirana neredhiyo yeHF kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe
- Zviteshi zvekutumira nekugamuchira zveShortwave
- Zvinongedzo zvekutaurirana zvakagadzikana zviri kure
- Masisitimu ekutarisa maredhiyo uye ekugamuchira masaini
- Tsvagiridzo yekutaurirana uye dzidzo yeantenna
- Kuedza kwe wire-antenna yekutungamira
- Masisitimu ekukurukurirana ekukurumidza uye ari kure
Kukosha kweUinjiniya
Kunyangwe masisitimu ekutaurirana emazuva ano achiwedzera kushandisa ma "compact arrays", "horn antennas", "broadband antennas", uye masisitimu e "electronically controlled antenna", "V antenna" inoramba iri muenzaniso wakakosha mudzidziso ye "antenna".
Zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kureba kwemuchina, chikamu chazvino, geometry yeantenna, uye nzvimbo yemunda zvinopesvedzera sei kuwana uye gwara remwaranzi. Kunzwisisa hukama uhwu kunokosha kana uchidzidza maumbirwo eantenna epamusoro-soro, kusanganisira ma arrays echikamu, ma antenna ekuyera broadband, ma antenna e microwave anotungamira, uye masisitimu ekuedza antenna.
RF MISO inogadzira mhinduro dzeantenna ne microwave dzeRF bvunzo, kuyera, kutaurirana, radar, uye mashandisirwo ekubatanidza masisitimu. Kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemagadzirirwo eantenna akakosha kunobatsira mainjiniya kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera uye kuongorora maparamita akakosha akadai se gain, polarization, beamwidth, impedance, uye radiation pattern.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-10-2026
