Munzira yemwaranzi yeantenna, lobe huru inomiririra danda guru reantenna, iro rinoburitsa simba guru uye rakawanda.
Beamwidth ihwohwo hupamhi hwekona hunoshandiswa nemagetsi akawanda. Maparamita maviri makuru anoshandiswa kuratidza beamwidth ndiwo Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) uye First Null Beamwidth (FNBW).
Upamhi hweHafu-Simba (HPBW)
Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairwa, kupatsanurwa kwemakona uko amplitude yemwaranzi inodzikira ne50% (kureva, -3 dB) kubva panhongonya ye lobe huru kunonzi hafu yesimba rehupamhi hwesimbi.
Nemamwe mashoko, beawidth inzvimbo iyo antenna inoburitsa simba rayo guru pamusoro payo, iyo inoenderana nenzvimbo iri pedyo nesimba repamusoro. Hafu yesimba beawidth ndiyo nzvimbo yekona umo simba repakati mumunda wemwaranzi unoshanda weantenna rinodarika 50% yesimba repamusoro.
Dudziro yeGeometric yeHPBW
Pamufananidzo wemwaranzi, dhirowa mutsetse kubva pakutanga kuenda kudivi rega rega re lobe huru panzvimbo dzesimba rehafu. Kona iri pakati pemavector maviri aya ihafu yesimba rehupamhi (HPBW). Mufananidzo unotevera unobatsira kuratidza pfungwa iyi.
Mufananidzo unoratidza chikamu chikuru cheantenna uye nzvimbo dzine hafu yesimba pachikamu chikuru.
Kutsanangura Masvomhu
Fomura inofungidzirwa yehafu yesimba rehupamhi hwesimbi ndeiyi:
kupi:
•λ ndiyo frequency yekushanda,
•D ndiyo divi rekuvhura kweantenna (kazhinji dhayamita kana kureba kwedivi).
Chikamu chehafu yesimba rehupamhi hwemwenje (HPBW) ndicho radian kana kuti dhigirii.
Beamwidth Yekutanga Isingashandiswe (FNBW)
Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairika, kupatsanurwa kwemakona pakati pema nulls ekutanga ari pedyo ne lobe huru kunonzi first null beamwidth.
Muchidimbu, FNBW inguva yekona iri pakati pe "first pattern nulls" kumativi ese e "main beam".
Dudziro yeJometri yeFNBW
Kubva pamavambo emwaranzi, dhirowa mitsetse yakatenderedza danda guru riri kumativi ese. Kona iri pakati pemitsetse miviri iyi inonzi tangent ndiyo yekutanga null beamwidth (FNBW). Mufananidzo unotevera unobatsira kuratidza pfungwa iyi zvakajeka.
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza hafu yesimba rehupamhi (HPBW) uye yekutanga null beamwidth (FNBW) pamufananidzo wemwaranzi, nechikamu chikuru nemaparutivi akaratidzwa.
Kutsanangura Masvomhu
Hukama huri pakati pe first null beamwidth (FNBW) ne half-power beamwidth (HPBW) hunogona kufungidzirwa seizvi:
Tichitsiva HPBW ≈ 70λ/D, tinowana:
apo λ ndiyo wavelength uye D ndiyo chiyero chekuvhura antenna.
Chikamu
Chikamu cheFirst Null Beamwidth (FNBW) chinonzi radian (rad) kana kuti degree (°).
Kureba Kunoshanda uye Nzvimbo Inoshanda
Pakati pema antenna parameters, kureba kunoshanda uye nzvimbo inoshanda zvakanaka zvakare zviyero zvakakosha zvinobatsira kuongorora mashandiro eantenna.
Kureba Kunoshanda
Kureba kunoshanda kweantenna kunoshandiswa kuratidza kushanda kwayo kwepolarization.
Tsanangudzo: Kureba kunoshanda ndiko chiyero chemagetsi akavhurika pamagetsi ari kugamuchira ma antenna terminals kusvika pamagetsi emagetsi ari kuitika nenzira imwecheteyo ye polarization ne antenna. Kana wave yechiitiko yasvika pakupinda kwe antenna, ine simba remagetsi rine simba rinoenderana ne polarization ye antenna. Polarization iyi inofanira kuenderana ne voltage amplitude pamagetsi ari kugamuchira kuti chiratidzo chigamuchirwe zvakanaka.
Kutsanangura Masvomhu
Mashoko emasvomhu ekuti urefu hunoshanda ndeekuti:
kupi:
•le ndiyo kureba kunoshanda kweantenna,
•Voc ndiyo amplitude yevoltage yakavhurika pachiteshi cheantenna chinogamuchira,
•Ei ihukuru hwesimba remagetsi rinoitika munzvimbo imwecheteyo neantena.
Nzvimbo Inoshanda
Tsanangudzo: Nzvimbo inoshanda chikamu chenzvimbo yeantenna inogamuchira iyo inotora simba kubva kumberi kwechiitiko ichi yoishandura kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi; kazhinji kacho chidiki pane nzvimbo yekuvhura kweantenna chaiyo.
Panguva yekugamuchira, nzvimbo yese ye antenna inoonekwa kune electromagnetic wavefront, asi chikamu chayo chete ndicho chinobata chiratidzo zvinobudirira. Chikamu ichi chinonzi nzvimbo inoshanda.
Chikonzero chinoita kuti chikamu chidiki chesimba rewavefront chishandiswe ndechekuti mamwe mafungu echiitiko anoparadzirwa neantenna, nepo chimwe chikamu chinogona kunyangarika sekupisa. Nokudaro, mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka pasina kurasikirwa, nzvimbo iyo, kana yakawedzerwa nehuwandu hwesimba rechiitiko, inopa simba rakawanda rinowanikwa kubva kuantenna inonzi nzvimbo inoshanda.
Nzvimbo inoshanda inowanzo ratidzwa neAeff.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-30-2026
