Nhau - Dzidziso yeAntena - Zvikamu zveBasic

Chitsauko chino chinosuma zvinhu zvakakosha zvekutaurirana kusina waya, nechinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kuri nani kwebasa remaantenna mumasisitimu ekutaurirana. Kutaurirana kusina waya kunoitwa muchimiro chemafungu emagetsi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kunzwisisa hunhu hwemafungu ekuparadzira.

Muchitsauko chino, tichakurukura nezvematanho anotevera:

•Kuwanda kwezviitiko
•Kureba kwewave
•Kufananidza Impedance
•VSWR & Simba Rinoratidzwa
•Bandwidth
• Percentage Bandwidth
•Kusimba kwemwaranzi

Zvino, ngatizviongororei zvakadzama.

Kakawanda:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairwa, frequency inhamba yekudzokorora kwemafungu panguva imwe neimwe. Muchidimbu, frequency inotsanangura kuti chiitiko chinoitika kangani. Wave yenguva inodzokororwa pamasekondi ese eT (nguva imwe chete), uye frequency yayo inodzokororwa nenguva yeT.

Panyaya yemasvomhu, zvinoita seizvi:

$$f = \frac{1}{T}$$

•F inomiririra frequency ye periodic wave, ukuwo

•T inguva inodiwa kuti upedze kutenderera kamwe chete kwakazara.

Mafambiro anoyerwa mu hertz, akapfupikiswa se Hz.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza sine wave, ichiratidza voltage (mu mV) sebasa renguva (mu ms). Iyi waveform inodzokorora mamirisekonzi maviri ega ega; saka, nguva yayo T = 2t ms, uye frequency yayo f = 1/(2t) kHz.

Hurefu hwemafungu:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairika, daro riri pakati pemakomo maviri akatevedzana kana matangi maviri akatevedzana rinonzi wavelength.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, wavelength idaro riri pakati pema positive peaks maviri ari pedyo kana ma negative peaks maviri ari pedyo. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza waveform ye periodic, ine wavelength (λ) uye amplitude zvakaratidzwa. Kana frequency yakakwira, wavelength ipfupi, uye zvinopesana.

Fomura yewavelength ndeiyi:

$$\lambda = \frac{c}{f}$$

•λ inomiririra kureba kwehurefu hwemafungu

•C ndiyo kumhanya kwechiedza ($3 \kawanza 10^8$ mamita pasekondi)

•F ndiyo nguva inoshandiswa

Hurefu hwemafungu λ hunoratidzwa muzvikamu zvehurefu, zvakaita semamita, tsoka, kana mainji. Chiyero chinowanzoshandiswa imita.

Kufananidza Impedance:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairika, kufananidza impedance kunoitika kana impedance yemuchina wekutumira yakaenzana ne impedance yemugamuchiri.

Kufananidza impedance kunodiwa pakati peantenna necircuit. Kupindirana kweantenna, tambo yekutumira, uye circuit kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa kuti pave nekufambisa simba rakawanda pakati peantenna nereceiver kana transmitter.

Kukosha Kwekuenzanisa
Midziyo yeResonant inokwanisa kupa simba rekubudisa rakakodzera mukati memamwe mafrequency e narrowband. Semudziyo weResonant, antenna inogona kuita basa rakanaka rekuburitsa kana impedance yayo ikanyatsoenderana.

•Kana antenna impedance yakaenzana neinterance yenzvimbo yakasununguka, simba rinoburitswa neantenna richafambiswa zvinobudirira.

•Kune antenna inogamuchira, kupindira kwayo kunofanirwa kuenderana nekupinda kwekupinda kwedunhu rekugamuchira amplifier.

•Kune antenna inotumira, kupindira kwayo kunofanira kuenderana nekubuda kwe amplifier pamwe chete nekumira kwetambo yekutumira.

Impedance inoyerwa mu ohms, inoratidzwa nechiratidzo Z.

VSWR & Simba Rinoonekwa:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairwa, chiyero chevoltage yepamusoro kune voltage shoma muwave yakamira chinonzi voltage yakamira wave ratio (VSWR).

Kana kupindira kweantenna, tambo yekutumira, uye dunhu zvikasaenderana, simba harigone kuratidzwa zvakanaka; pachinzvimbo, chikamu chesimba chinodzoserwa kumashure.

Hunhu hukuru ndehwekuti —

•Chiratidzo chinoratidza mwero wekusawirirana kweimpedance chinonzi Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

•VSWR inomiririra Voltage Standing Wave Ratio uye inowanzonziwo SWR

•Kana kusawirirana kwe impedance kwakanyanya, kukosha kweVSWR kwakakwira.

•Kuti uwane mwaranzi inoshanda, kukosha kweVSWR kwakakodzera i1:1

•Simba rakaratidzwa rinoreva chikamu chesimba remberi rinoraswa. Simba rakaratidzwa uye VSWR zvinotsanangura chiitiko chimwe chete kubva pamaonero akasiyana.

Bandwidth:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairwa, bhendi rema frequency mukati mehuwandu hwe wavelength hwakatarwa hwakagoverwa kune imwe kutaurirana inonzi bandwidth.

Kana chiratidzo chikatumirwa kana kugamuchirwa, chinoshanda mukati mehuwandu hwakati hwema frequency. Hurongwa uhwu hwema frequency hunopihwa kune chiratidzo chakati kudzivirira kukanganiswa kubva kune mamwe ma signals panguva yekutumira.

• Bandwidth inoreva huwandu hwema frequency ari pakati pemiganhu yema frequency akakwira neakaderera ekutumira masaini

•Kana bandwidth yapihwa, haigone kushandiswa nevamwe

•Nhamba yese yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvebandwidth, chimwe nechimwe chinopiwa kune vanotumira zvakasiyana

Bandwidth yatakurukura inogonawo kunzi absolute bandwidth.

Chikamu chebandwidth:

Zvichienderana netsananguro yakajairwa, chiyero chebhandindi rakazara kusvika pafrequency yaro yepakati chinonzi bandwidth yeperesenti.

Kuwanda kwesimba rechiratidzo mukati mebhendi uko simba rechiratidzo rinosvika pakakwirira kunonzi resonant frequency, inozivikanwawo sepakati pebhendi, inoratidzwa se fC.

•Ma frequency akakwira neakaderera ebhendi anoratidzwa se fH ne fL, zvichiteerana

•Bwidth yakakwana inopiwa ne fH − fL

•Kuti uongorore upamhi hwebhendi rema frequency, zvakakosha kuverenga bandwidth yaro yechikamu kana bandwidth yezana.

Bandwidth yeperesenti inoverengerwa kunzwisisa huwandu hwekuchinja kwema frequency kunogona kugadziriswa nechikamu kana sisitimu.

•fH zvinoreva kuwanda kwehuwandu

•fL zvinoreva frequency yakaderera

•fc zvinoreva frequency yepakati

Kukura kwehuwandu hwebandwidth, bandwidth yechiteshi inowedzerawo kuwanda.

Kusimba kwemwaranzi:

Kusimba kwemwaranzi kunotsanangurwa sesimba rinoburitswa pakona imwe neimwe.

Antena inopenya zvakanyanya mune dzimwe nzira, zvinoenderana nekusimba kwayo kukuru kwemwaranzi. Range yepamusoro inogoneka yemwaranzi inoratidzwa nekusimba kwemwaranzi.

Kutsanangura Masvomhu
Kusimba kwemwaranzi kunowanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwesimba rakasvibirwa nechikwere chedaro remwaranzi: