Kubudirira kweantenna kune hukama nesimba rinopihwa kune antenna uye simba rinovhenekerwa neantenna.Antenna inoshanda zvakanyanya inopenya yakawanda yesimba rinounzwa kune antenna.Antenna isingashande inotora simba rakawanda rakarasika mukati meantenna.Antenna isingashande inogona zvakare kuve neakawanda simba rinoratidzwa kunze nekuda kwe impedance kusawirirana.Deredza simba rinopenya reantenna isingashande kana ichienzaniswa neantenna inoshanda zvakanyanya.
[Kurutivi chinyorwa: Antenna impedance inokurukurwa mune imwe chitsauko chinotevera.Impedance mismatch inoratidzwa simba kubva kune antenna nekuti iyo impedance kukosha kwakashata.Naizvozvo, izvi zvinonzi impedance mismatch.]
Mhando yekurasikirwa mukati meantenna ndiko conduction kurasikirwa.Kurasikirwa kwekufambisa kunokonzerwa nekupera conductivity kweantenna.Imwe nzira yekurasikirwa ndeye dielectric kurasikirwa.Dielectric kurasikirwa muantenna imhaka yekuitisa mune dielectric zvinhu.Insulating zvinhu zvinogona kunge zviripo mukati kana kutenderedza antenna.
Chiyero chekushanda kweantenna kune simba rinopenya rinogona kunyorwa sesimba rekuisa reiyo antenna.Iyi ndiyo equation [1].Iyo inozivikanwawo semwaranzi inoshanda antenna kunyatsoita.
[Equation 1]
Kubudirira ireshiyo.Reshiyo iyi inogara iri huwandu huri pakati pa 0 ne 1. Kushanda zvakanaka kunowanzo kupihwa pachikamu chechikamu.Semuenzaniso, kushanda kwe 0.5 kusvika ku50% zvakafanana.Kushanda kweAntenna kunowanzo kutaurwawo muma decibels (dB).Kushanda kwe0.1 kwakaenzana ne10%.Izvi zvakaenzanawo ne -10 decibels (-10 decibels).Kushanda kwe0.5 kwakaenzana ne50%.Izvi zvakaenzanawo ne -3 decibels (dB).
Yekutanga equation dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kuti radiation inoshanda yeantenna.Izvi zvinozvisiyanisa kubva kune rimwe izwi rinowanzo shandiswa rinonzi kushanda kwese kweantenna.Yese Inoshanda Kubudirira Antenna mwaranzi kunyatsoshanda kwakapetwa nekupedance kukanganisa kurasikirwa kweantenna.Impedance mismatch kurasikirwa kunoitika kana antenna yakabatana netambo yekufambisa kana inogamuchira.Izvi zvinogona kupfupikiswa mufomula [2].
[Equation 2]
fomula [2]
Impedance mismatch kurasikirwa inogara iri nhamba iri pakati pe0 ne1. Naizvozvo, iyo yese antenna kunyatsoshanda kunogara kuri kushoma pane kugona kwemwaranzi.Kuti udzokorore izvi, kana pasina kurasikirwa, kushanda kwemwaranzi kwakaenzana nehupamhi hweantenna nekuda kwekusawirirana kwe impedance.
Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka ndeimwe yeakakosha antenna paramita.Inogona kunge iri padyo zvakanyanya ne100% ine satellite dish, horn antenna, kana hafu wavelength dipole pasina chero kurasikirwa zvinhu zvakaitenderedza.Antennas enharembozha kana maantenna emagetsi evatengi anowanzo kuve nekushanda kwe20% -70%.Izvi zvakaenzana ne -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB).Kazhinji nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemagetsi uye zvinhu zvakatenderedza antenna.Izvi zvinowanzotora rimwe simba rinopenya.Simba rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekupisa uye hapana mwaranzi.Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda kweantenna.Maredhiyo emota antenna anogona kushanda paAM radio frequencies ine antenna kunyatsoita 0.01.[Iyi i1% kana -20 dB.] Uku kusaita zvakanaka imhaka yekuti antenna idiki pane hafu yewavelength pane yekushanda frequency.Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kushanda kweantenna.Wireless links inochengetedzwa nekuti AM kutepfenyura shongwe dzinoshandisa yakanyanya simba rekufambisa.
Impedance mismatch kurasikirwa inokurukurwa muSmith Chart uye Impedance Matching zvikamu.Impedance yekufananidza inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweiyo antenna.
Antenna kuwana
Kuwanikwa kwenguva refu kweantenna kunotsanangura kuti ingani simba rinofambiswa munzira yepamusoro yemwaranzi, hukama kune isotropic sosi.Kuwana kweAntenna kunonyanya kutaurwa mune yakatarwa pepa re antenna.Antenna kuwana kwakakosha nekuti inofunga nezvekurasikirwa chaiko kunoitika.
Antenna ine 3 dB kuwana inoreva kuti simba rinogamuchirwa kubva kune antenna i3 dB yakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura yaizogamuchirwa kubva isingarasikirwe isotropic antenna ine simba rekupinza rimwe chete.3 dB yakaenzana nekaviri simba rekupa.
Antenna kuwana dzimwe nguva inokurukurwa sebasa rekutungamira kana kona.Zvakadaro, kana nhamba imwe chete ichitsanangura budiriro, ipapo iyo nhamba ndiyo yakakwira kuwana kwese kwese.Iyo "G" yeantenna kuwana inogona kuenzaniswa nekutungamira kwe "D" yeramangwana mhando.
[Equation 3]
Kuwana kweantenna chaiyo, iyo inogona kunge yakakwira sedhishiti yakakura kwazvo, i50 dB.Kutungamira kunogona kunge kwakadzikira se1.76 dB senge antenna chaiyo (senge pfupi dipole antenna).Directionality haigone kuve isingasviki 0 dB.Nekudaro, iyo yepamusoro antenna kuwana kunogona kuve kudiki.Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kana kusashanda zvakanaka.Magetsi antenna madiki madiki antenna anoshanda pawavelength yefrequency panoshanda antenna.Antenna madiki anogona kunge asina kunyatsoshanda.Antenna kuwana kazhinji pazasi -10 dB, kunyangwe kana impedance mismatch isina kuverengerwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-16-2023
