Kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna kunoenderana nesimba rinopihwa kune antenna uye simba rinoburitswa neantenna. Antenna inoshanda zvakanyanya inoburitsa simba rakawanda rinoendeswa kune antenna. Antenna isingashande zvakanaka inotora simba rakawanda rinorasika mukati meantenna. Antenna isingashande zvakanaka inogonawo kuva nesimba rakawanda rinoburitswa nekuda kwekusawirirana kweimpedance. Deredza simba rinoburitswa reantenna isingashande zvakanaka kana tichienzanisa neantenna inoshanda zviri nani.
[Chinyorwa: Kusawirirana kweAntenna kunokurukurwa muchitsauko chinotevera. Kusawirirana kweImpedance isimba rinoratidzwa kubva kuantenna nekuti impedance inhamba isiriyo. Saka, izvi zvinonzi kusawirirana kweimpedance.]
Rudzi rwekurasikirwa mukati meantenna kurasikirwa nekufambisa. Kurasikirwa nekufambisa kunokonzerwa nekugona kwekufambisa kweantenna. Imwe nzira yekurasikirwa ndeyekurasikirwa nemagetsi. Kurasikirwa nemagetsi muantenna kunokonzerwa nekugona kwekufambisa muzvinhu zve dielectric. Zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinogona kunge zviripo mukati kana pedyo neantenna.
Chiyero chekushanda kweantenna nesimba rinopenya chinogona kunyorwa sesimba rekupinda reantenna. Uyu ndiwo muyero [1]. Unozivikanwawo sekushanda kweantenna zvakanaka.
[Chiyero 1]
Kushanda zvakanaka iratio. Chiyero ichi chinogara chiri pakati pe0 ne1. Kushanda zvakanaka kunowanzo pihwa pachikamu chezana. Semuenzaniso, kushanda zvakanaka kwe0.5 kunosvika 50% zvakafanana. Kushanda zvakanaka kweAntenna kunowanzo taurwawo mumadecibel (dB). Kushanda zvakanaka kwe0.1 kwakaenzana ne10%. Izvi zvakaenzanawo nemadecibel -10 (-10 decibels). Kushanda zvakanaka kwe0.5 kwakaenzana ne50%. Izvi zvakaenzanawo nemadecibel -3 (dB).
Equation yekutanga dzimwe nguva inonzi kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna. Izvi zvinoisiyanisa nerimwe izwi rinowanzoshandiswa rinonzi kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna. Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwazvo Kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna Kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna kwakawedzerwa nekurasikirwa kwe impedance mismatch kwe antenna. Kurasikirwa kwe impedance mismatch kunoitika kana antenna yakabatana ne tambo yekutumira kana kugamuchira. Izvi zvinogona kupfupikiswa mufomura [2].
[Chiyero 2]
fomura [2]
Kurasikirwa kwekusawirirana kweImpedance kunogara kuri nhamba iri pakati pe0 ne1. Nokudaro, kushanda kweantenna yese kunogara kuri kushoma pane kushanda kwemwaranzi. Kuti tidzokorore izvi, kana pasina kurasikirwa, kushanda kwemwaranzi kwakaenzana nekushanda kweantenna yese nekuda kwekusawirirana kweimpedance.
Kuvandudza mashandiro eantenna ndeimwe yematanho akakosha eantenna. Inogona kunge iri pedyo ne100% ne satellite dish, horn antenna, kana hafu wavelength dipole isina chero chinhu chinorasikirwa chakaipoteredza. Ma antenna efoni kana ma antenna emagetsi anowanzo shanda zvakanaka kwe20%-70%. Izvi zvakaenzana ne -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB). Kazhinji nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemagetsi nezvinhu zvakakomberedza antenna. Izvi zvinowanzo tora simba rakasvibirwa. Simba racho rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekupisa uye hapana mwaranzi. Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna. Ma antenna eredhiyo yemotokari anogona kushanda pa AM radio frequency ne antenna efficiency ye 0.01. [Iyi i1% kana -20 dB. ] Kusashanda zvakanaka uku kunokonzerwa nekuti antenna idiki pane hafu wavelength pa operating frequency. Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwe antenna. Wireless link dzinochengetwa nekuti AM broadcast towers dzinoshandisa simba rekutumira rakawanda.
Kurasikirwa kwekusawirirana kweImpedance kunokurukurwa muzvikamu zveSmith Chart neImpedance Matching. Kufananidza Impedance kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kushanda kweantenna.
Kuwedzera kweantena
Kuwana antenna kwenguva refu kunotsanangura kuti simba rinopfuudzwa sei munzira yemwaranzi yepamusoro, zvichienzaniswa nesotropic source. Kuwana antenna kunowanzo taurwa mupepa retsanangudzo yeantenna. Kuwana antenna kwakakosha nekuti kunofunga nezvekurasikirwa chaiko kunoitika.
Antena ine 3 dB gain zvinoreva kuti simba rinogamuchirwa kubva kuantenna iri 3 dB rakakwirira kupfuura raingagamuchirwa kubva kuantenna yeisotropic isina kurasikirwa ine simba rakafanana rekupinda. 3 dB yakaenzana nekaviri simba remagetsi.
Kuwana kweantenna dzimwe nguva kunotsanangurwa sebasa rekutungamira kana kona. Zvisinei, kana nhamba imwe chete ikataura nezvekuwana, nhamba iyoyo ndiyo peak gain yemativi ese. "G" yekuwana kweantenna inogona kuenzaniswa nekutungamira kwe "D" yerudzi rwemangwana.
[Chiyero 3]
Kuwana kweantenna chaiyo, iyo inogona kunge yakakwira se satellite dish hombe, i50 dB. Kutungamira kunogona kunge kwakaderera kusvika 1.76 dB se antenna chaiyo (senge antenna pfupi ye dipole). Kutungamira hakumbofi kwakaderera pane 0 dB. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwe antenna kunogona kunge kudiki zvisina tsarukano. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kana kusashanda zvakanaka. Ma antenna madiki emagetsi ma antenna madiki anoshanda pahurefu hwe frequency iyo antenna inoshanda. Ma antenna madiki anogona kunge asina kushanda zvakanaka. Kuwana kwe antenna kunowanzo kuve pasi pe -10 dB, kunyangwe kana kusawirirana kwe impedance kusingatariswe.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-16-2023
