Rudzi runoshanda rwekanyanga ye microwavezvinoenderana nebhendi rayo rema frequency, kuwedzera, uye mamiriro ekushandisa. Pazasi pane kupatsanurwa kwetekinoroji kwemhando dzeantenna dzakajairika:
1. Kubatana kweFrequency Band & Range
- Antena yebhendi remagetsi (60–90 GHz):
Zvinongedzo zvepadenga pfupi, zvine simba guru (1–3 km) zve5G backhaul uye military comms. Kudzikira kwemhepo kunosvika 10 dB/km nekuda kwekutorwa kweokisijeni. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Ma satellite comms anosvika 10–50 km (kubva pasi kuenda kuLEO) nekuwedzera kwe40+ dBi. Kupera kwemvura kunogona kuderedza nzvimbo ne30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntena yenyanga:
Kufukidzwa kwepakati nepakati (5–20 km) kweradar neIoT, kuyera kupinda kwedata uye mwero wedata.
2. Rudzi rweAntena & Mashandiro
| Kanyanga | Kuwana Kwakajairika | Range Range | Shandisa Nyaya |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kanyanga dzeBiconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (kuyedzwa kweEMC) | Kuongorora zvirwere zvenguva pfupi |
| Nyanga yeGain Yakajairwa | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Kuyera/Kuenzanisa |
| Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Zviteshi zve5G/Satcom |
3. Nheyo dzeKuverenga Range
Mafungiro eFriis transmission equation anofungidzirwa (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Kupi:
P_t = Simba rekutumira (semuenzaniso, radar ye10W)
G_t, G_r = Kubudirira kweTx/Rx antenna (semuenzaniso, 20 dBi horn)
P_r = Kunzwa kwemugamuchiri (semuenzaniso, -90 dBm)
Zano Rinoshanda: Kune ma Ka-band satellite links, batanidza horn ine high-gain (30+ dBi) nema amplifiers ane ruzha rwakaderera (NF <1 dB).
4. Miganhu Yezvakatipoteredza
Kudzikiswa kwemvura: Masaini eKa-band anorasikirwa ne3–10 dB/km mumvura ine simba.
Kupararira kweBeam: 25 dBi microstrip array pa30 GHz ine 2.3° beamwidth - yakakodzera ma point-to-point link chaiwo.
Mhedziso: Matanhe e microwave anosiyana kubva pa <1 km (biconical EMC tests) kusvika 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Gadzirisa nekusarudza maantenna eE-/Ka-band kuti ashande zvakanaka kana nyanga dze2–4 GHz kuti dzive dzakavimbika.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-08-2025
