Kutungamira inzira inokosha ye antenna. Ichi chiyero chekuti patani yemwaranzi ye antenna yedivi iri sei. Antena inopenya zvakaenzana kumativi ese ichave nekutungamira kwakaenzana ne 1. (Izvi zvakaenzana ne zero decibels -0 dB).
Basa remakoordinates edenderedzwa rinogona kunyorwa senzira yemwaranzi yakajairika:
[Chiyero 1]
Patani yemwaranzi yakajairika ine chimiro chakafanana nepatani yemwaranzi yekutanga. Patani yemwaranzi yakajairika inoderedzwa nehukuru zvekuti kukosha kukuru kwepatani yemwaranzi kwakaenzana ne1. (Chikuru iequation [1] ye "F"). Panyaya yemasvomhu, fomura yekutungamira (rudzi "D") yakanyorwa seizvi:
Izvi zvingaita seequation yakaoma yedivi. Zvisinei, mapatani emwaranzi emamorekuru akakosha zvikuru. Denominator inomiririra avhareji yesimba rinoburitswa kumativi ese. Equation iyi inoyera simba remwaranzi repamusoro rakakamurwa neavhareji. Izvi zvinopa antenna directionivity.
Paradigm yekutungamira
Semuenzaniso, funga nezve equation mbiri dzinotevera dze pattern yemwaranzi yema antenna maviri.
Kaneti 1
Kaneti 2
Mapatani aya emwaranzi akanyorwa muMufananidzo 1. Ndapota cherechedzai kuti nzira yemwaranzi ibasa re polar angle theta(θ) Iyo nzira yemwaranzi haisi basa re azimuth. (Iyo nzira yemwaranzi ye azimuthal haichinji). Iyo nzira yemwaranzi ye antenna yekutanga haina divi rakananga, kupfuura iyo nzira yemwaranzi ye antenna yechipiri. Nokudaro, tinotarisira kuti divi rive rakaderera kune yekutanga antenna.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhayagiramu yemuenzaniso wemwaranzi yeantenna. Ine divi rayo rakakwira here?
Tichishandisa fomura [1], tinogona kuverenga kuti antenna ine kutungamira kwakakwirira. Kuti utarise kunzwisisa kwako, funga nezveMufananidzo 1 uye kuti kutungamira chii. Wobva waona kuti antenna ipi ine kutungamira kwakakwirira pasina kushandisa masvomhu.
Mhedzisiro yekuverenga yekutungamira, shandisa fomura [1]:
Kuverenga kwe antenna 1 inotungamira, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Kuverenga kwe antenna 2 inotungamira, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Kutungamira kwakawedzerwa zvinoreva kuti antenna yakatarisana zvakanyanya kana kuti inotungamira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti antenna ine 2-receiving ine simba rekutungamirira rakapetwa ka2.707 kupfuura antenna ye-omnidirectional. Antenna 1 inowana simba rakapetwa ka1.273 kupfuura antenna ye-omnidirectional. Maantenna e-omnidirectional anoshandiswa senzvimbo yakajairika kunyangwe pasina maantenna e-isotropic aripo.
Maantenna efoni anofanira kunge asina gwara rakaderera nekuti masaini anogona kubva chero divi. Kusiyana neizvi, madhishi esatellite ane gwara rakakwirira. Dhishi resatellite rinowana masaini kubva kune rimwe divi rakatarwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukawana dhishi reTV resatellite, kambani ichakuudza kwekuisa chiratidzo uye dhishi racho richawana chiratidzo chaunoda.
Tichapedzisa nerondedzero yemhando dzeantenna uye gwara radzo. Izvi zvichakupa pfungwa yekuti divi ripi rinowanzoonekwa.
Rudzi rweAntena Kutungamira kwakajairika Kutungamira kwakajairika [decibel] (dB)
Kanere pfupi yedipole 1.5 1.76
Kanereti yedipole yehafu-wave 1.64 2.15
Chigamba (kanyanga ke microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Antena yenyanga 10-100 10-20
Antena yedhishi 10-10,000 10-40
Sezvo data riri pamusoro richiratidza kuti antenna disguition inosiyana zvikuru. Saka, zvakakosha kunzwisisa directivity paunosarudza antenna yakanakira application yako chaiyo. Kana uchida kutumira kana kugamuchira simba kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana kuenda kune rimwe divi saka unofanirwa kugadzira antenna ine low disguition. Mienzaniso yemashandisirwo ema antenna ane low disguition inosanganisira maredhiyo emota, nharembozha, uye computer wireless access. Kusiyana neizvi, kana uri kuita remote sensing kana targeted power transfer, saka antenna ine direction yakanyanya ichadiwa. Ma antenna ane direction yakanyanya achawedzera kutamiswa kwesimba kubva kune rimwe divi raunoda uye anoderedza masaini kubva kune rimwe divi rausingadi.
Ngatitii tinoda antenna ine dhiraivha shoma. Tingazviita sei?
Mutemo mukuru wedzidziso yeantenna ndewekuti unoda antenna diki yemagetsi kuti ugadzire directivity yakaderera. Kureva kuti, kana ukashandisa antenna ine saizi yese ye 0.25 - 0.5 wavelength, ipapo uchaderedza directivity. Ma antenna e half-wave dipole kana ma antenna e half-wavelength slot anowanzova nedirectivity iri pasi pe 3 dB. Izvi zvakaderera sedirectionality yaunogona kuwana mukuita.
Pakupedzisira, hatigone kuita kuti maantenna aite madiki pane kota yewavelength tisina kuderedza kushanda kweantenna uye bandwidth yeantenna. Kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna uye bandwidth yeantenna zvichakurukurwa muzvitsauko zvinotevera.
Kuti antenna ive negwara rakakwirira, tinoda maantenna ane saizi dzakasiyana dzewavelength. Sezvakaita maantenna esatellite dish uye maantenna ehorn ane gwara rakakwirira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti ane wavelength dzakawanda.
Sei zvakadaro? Pakupedzisira, chikonzero chine chekuita nehunhu hweFourier transform. Paunotora Fourier transform ye short pulse, unowana broad spectrum. Iyi fananidzo haipo pakusarudza radiation pattern ye antenna. Radiation pattern inogona kufungidzirwa seFourier transform yekupararira kwe current kana voltage iri pa antenna. Nokudaro, antenna diki dzine broad radiation patterns (uye low directionivity). Antennas dzine voltage yakakura kana current distribution Mapatani akananga zvakanyanya (uye high directionivity).
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Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-07-2023
