Directivity chinhu chakakosha antenna parameter. Ichi chiyero chemaitiro eradiation maitiro eanotungamira antenna. Antenna inopenya zvakaenzana mumativi ese ichava nedirectivity yakaenzana ne1. (Izvi zvakaenzana ne zero decibels -0 dB).
Basa re spherical coordinates rinogona kunyorwa seyakajairwa nemwaranzi pateni:
[Equation 1]
A normalized mwaranzi pateni ine chimiro chakafanana neyekutanga mwaranzi pateni. The normalized radiation pattern inodzikiswa nehukuru zvekuti ukoshi hwepamusoro hwemwaranzi pateni inokwana 1. (Ikuru iequation [1] ye"F"). Nemasvomhu, fomula yekutungamira (rudzi "D") yakanyorwa se:
Izvi zvinogona kutaridzika seyakaoma kutungamira equation. Nekudaro, mapatani emwaranzi emamorekuru ane kukosha kukuru. Dhinominata inomiririra avhareji yesimba rinopenya kumativi ese. Equation inozove chiyero chesimba repamusoro-soro rinopenya rakakamurwa neavhareji. Izvi zvinopa antenna directivity.
Directional paradigm
Semuenzaniso, funga maviri anotevera equation yemwaranzi pateni yemaantenna maviri.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Aya maitiro emwaranzi akarongwa muMufananidzo 1. Ndapota cherechedza kuti nzira yemwaranzi inongoshanda chete yepolar angle theta (θ) The radiation pattern haisi basa reazimuth. (Iyo azimuthal radiation pateni inoramba isina kuchinjika). Iyo mwaranzi maitiro eiyo antenna yekutanga haina kutungamira, ipapo iyo radiation pateni yeyechipiri antenna. Naizvozvo, isu tinotarisira kuti kutungamira kuve kwakaderera kune yekutanga antenna.
mufananidzo 1. Radiation pattern diagram ye antenna. Ane danho repamusoro?
Tichishandisa fomula [1], tinogona kuverenga kuti antenna ine yakakwira yakananga. Kuti utarise kunzwisisa kwako, funga nezveMufananidzo 1 uye kuti gwara chii. Wobva waona kuti ndeipi antenna ine yakakwira yakanangana pasina kushandisa chero math.
Directional calculation results, shandisa formula [1]:
Inotungamira antenna 1 kuverenga, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Yakananga antenna 2 kuverenga, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Kuwedzera kutungamira kunoreva antenna yakatarisana kana inotungamira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 2-inogamuchira antenna ine 2.707 nguva inotungamira simba repamusoro payo pane omnidirectional antenna. Antenna 1 ichawana 1.273 nguva yesimba reiyo omnidirectional antenna. Omnidirectional antennas anoshandiswa sereferensi yakajairika kunyangwe pasina isotropic antennas aripo.
Nharembozha antenna dzinofanirwa kunge dziine yakaderera yakananga nekuti masaini anogona kubva chero nzira. Kusiyana neizvi, madhishi esatellite ane kutungamira kwakakwirira. Satellite dish inogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kune yakagadziriswa nzira. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukawana setiraiti yeTV dish, kambani inokuudza kwainongedza uye ndiro ichagamuchira chiratidzo chaunoda.
Isu tinopedzisa nerunyorwa rwemhando dzeantenna uye kutungamira kwavo. Izvi zvinokupa iwe pfungwa yekuti ndeipi nzira yakajairika.
Rudzi rweAntenna Yakajairika kunanga nzira [decibel] (dB)
Pfupi dipole antenna 1.5 1.76
Hafu-wave dipole antenna 1.64 2.15
Chigamba (microstrip antenna) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Nyanga antenna 10-100 10-20
Dish antenna 10-10,000 10-40
Sezvo iyo data iri pamusoro inoratidza antenna kutungamira kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kurongeka kana uchisarudza yakanakisa antenna kune yako chaiyo application. Kana iwe uchida kutumira kana kugamuchira simba kubva kwakawanda nzira munzira imwe saka iwe unofanirwa kugadzira antenna ine yakaderera yakananga. Mienzaniso yezvikumbiro zveyakaderera directivity antennas inosanganisira mota redhiyo, nharembozha, uye komputa isina waya yeInternet yekuwana. Sezvineiwo, kana iwe uri kuita kure kure sensing kana yakanangwa kuendesa simba, ipapo inotungamira antenna inozodiwa. Yakanyanya kutungamira antennas inokwirisa kufambiswa kwesimba kubva kune yaunoda gwara uye kuderedza masaini kubva kwaasingadiwe nzira.
Ngatitii isu tinoda yakaderera directivity antenna. Tinozviita sei izvi?
Mutemo wakajairwa weiyo antenna dzidziso ndeyekuti unoda antenna diki yemagetsi kuti ibudise yakaderera yakananga. Ndokunge, kana ukashandisa antenna ine saizi yakazara ye 0.25 - 0.5 wavelength, ipapo iwe unozodzikisa kutungamira. Half-wave dipole antennas kana hafu-wavelength slot antennas kazhinji ane isingasviki 3 dB kutungamira. Izvi zvakaderera sekutungamira kwaunogona kuwana mukudzidzira.
Pakupedzisira, isu hatigone kuita maantenna madiki pane kota wavelength pasina kudzikisa kugona kweantenna uye bandwidth yeantenna. Antenna kunyatsoita uye antenna bandwidth ichakurukurwa muzvitsauko zvinotevera.
Kune antenna ine yakakwira dhairekitori, isu tichada antenna emasaizi mazhinji ewavelength. Zvakadai sesatellite dish antennas uye nyanga antennas ane yakakwira yakananga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti akawanda mawavelengths akareba.
sei zvakadaro? Pakupedzisira, chikonzero chine chekuita nezvivakwa zveFourier shanduko. Paunotora Fourier shanduko yepfupi pfupi, unowana yakakura spectrum. Enzaniso iyi haipo pakuona iyo radiation pateni yeantenna. Iyo radiation pateni inogona kufungidzirwa seFourier shanduko yekugovera yazvino kana voltage pamwe neantenna. Naizvozvo, ma antenna madiki ane yakafara radiation mapatani (uye yakaderera directivity). Antenna ane hombe yunifomu voltage kana kugovera ikozvino Yakanyanya kutungamira mapatani (uye yakakwirira kunanga).
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Nguva yekutumira: Nov-07-2023
