Kushanduka kweMaAntenna eBase Station: Kubva pa1G kusvika pa5G

Chinyorwa chino chinopa ongororo yakarongeka yekushanduka kwetekinoroji yeantenna yechiteshi chepasi muzvizvarwa zvekutaurirana kwenharembozha, kubva pa1G kusvika pa5G. Chinotevedzera kuti maantenna akachinja sei kubva pakutumira masaini ari nyore kuita masisitimu akaomarara ane hunyanzvi hwakadai sekugadzira beamforming neMassive MIMO.

**Kushanduka Kwetekinoroji Yepakati Nechizvarwa**

| Era | Matekinoroji Akakosha & Kubudirira | Kukosha Kwekutanga & Mhinduro |

| **1G** | Maantenna eOmnidirectional, kusiyana kwenzvimbo | Akapa kufukidza kwakakosha; kuvandudzwa kwekubatanidza kuburikidza nekusiyana kwenzvimbo pasina kukanganisa kwakanyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakura.

| **2G** | Maantenna anotungamira (sectorization), maantenna ane polarized maviri | Kuwedzera kugona uye huwandu hwekufukidza; polarization ine polarization yakaita kuti antenna imwe itsive maviri, zvichichengetedza nzvimbo uye zvichiita kuti kuisirwa kwacho kuve kwakasimba.

| **3G** | Maantenna emabhandi akawanda, kure kure emagetsi (RET), maantenna emabhandi akawanda | Yakatsigira mabhendi matsva efrequency, yakaderedza mari yenzvimbo nekugadzirisa; yakagonesa kugadzirisa kure kure uye yakawedzera kugona munzvimbo dzinopisa. |

| **4G** | Maantenna eMIMO (4T4R/8T8R), maantenna ane maport akawanda, magadzirirwo eantenna-RRU akabatanidzwa | Kushanda zvakanaka kwespectral uye kugona kwesystem kwakagadziridzwa zvikuru; kugadzirisa hukama hwemaband akawanda nekubatana kuri kukura.

| **5G** | Massive MIMO AAU (Active Antenna Unit) | Yakagadzirisa matambudziko makuru ekusasimba kwekuvhara uye kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakakura uye kuumbwa kwakanyatsojeka. |

Nzira iyi yekushanduka-shanduka yakakonzerwa nekudiwa kwekuenzanisa zvinodiwa zvina zvikuru: kufukidzwa kwedata uchienzaniswa nekukwanisa, kuiswa kwesimba idzva uchienzaniswa nekuenderana kwehardware, zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo chaiyo uchienzaniswa nezvinodiwa zvekushanda, uye kuomarara kwekushanda uchienzaniswa nekunyatsorongeka kwenetwork.

Tichitarisa mberi, nguva ye6G icharamba ichienda kuMIMO yakakura kwazvo, ne antenna elements inotarisirwa kudarika zviuru, zvichiwedzera kusimbisa tekinoroji ye antenna senzira huru ye network dzenhare dzechizvarwa chinotevera. Kuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji ye antenna kunoratidza zvakajeka kukura kwakakura kweindasitiri yekutaurirana kwenharembozha.