Kupatsanurana kwemagetsi (polarization) chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoitwa nemaantenna. Tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kupatsanurana kwemafungu emudenga. Tinogona kukurukura nezvemhando huru dzekuputikana kwemagetsi.
polarization yakatsetseka
Tichatanga kunzwisisa polarization ye plane electromagnetic wave.
Mafungu emagetsi eplanar (EM) ane hunhu hwakati wandei. Chekutanga ndechekuti simba rinofamba nenzira imwe chete (hapana nzvimbo inochinja munzira mbiri dzinotevedzana). Chechipiri, simba remagetsi nesimba remagineti zvakamira zvakanangana uye zvakamira zvakanangana. Nzvimbo dzemagetsi nedzemagineti dzakamira zvakanangana negwara rekupararira kwemafungu endege. Semuenzaniso, funga nezvemunda wemagetsi wenguva imwe chete (E field) unopiwa ne equation (1). Munda wemagetsi uri kufamba nenzira ye +z. Munda wemagetsi wakanangana nenzira ye +x. Munda wemagetsi uri munzira ye +y.
Muequation (1), cherechedzai chinyorwa: . Iyi iyuniti vector (vector yehurefu), iyo inoti nzvimbo yemagetsi iri munzira ye x. Mafungu emuchadenga anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1. Mufananidzo wesimba remagetsi riri kufamba munzira ye +z.
Polarization ndiyo nzira yekutevedzana uye kupararira kwesimba remagetsi. Semuenzaniso, funga nezve equation yesimba remagetsi remafungu emhepo (1). Tichaona nzvimbo iyo simba remagetsi riri (X,Y,Z) = (0,0,0) sechikamu chenguva. Amplitude yemunda uyu yakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, pane dzimwe nguva. Munda uri kutenderera pa "F" frequency.
Mufananidzo 2. Tarisa nzvimbo yemagetsi (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) panguva dzakasiyana.
Munda wemagetsi unoonekwa pakutanga, uchitenderera mberi nekudzoka muhukuru. Munda wemagetsi unogara uri padivi pe x-axis yakaratidzwa. Sezvo munda wemagetsi uchichengetwa pamutsetse mumwe chete, munda uyu unogona kunzi wakapatsanurwa nemutsara. Pamusoro pezvo, kana X-axis yakatarisana nepasi, munda uyu unotsanangurwawo sewakapatsanurwa nemutsara wakatwasuka. Kana munda wacho wakatarisana ne Y-axis, mafungu anogona kunzi akapatsanurwa nemutsara wakatwasuka.
Mafungu ane polarized linearly haafanire kutungamirwa pamwe chete ne horizontal kana vertical axis. Semuenzaniso, electric field wave ine constraint iri pamutsetse sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 inogonawo kunge yakapolarized linearly.
mufananidzo 3. Kukura kwesimba remagetsi remafungu ane polarized linearly ane trajectory iri angle.
Munda wemagetsi uri paMufananidzo 3 unogona kutsanangurwa ne equation (2). Iye zvino pane chikamu che x na y chemunda wemagetsi. Zvikamu zvese zvakaenzana pahukuru.
Chimwe chinhu chekucherechedza nezve equation (2) i xy-component uye electronic fields muchikamu chechipiri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvese zvine amplitude yakafanana nguva dzese.
kupokana kwakatenderera
Zvino ngatitii simba remagetsi remafungu endege rakapihwa ne equation (3):
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinhu zve X- ne Y zviri kunze kwemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe. Kana munda ukaonekwa se (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) zvakare sepakutanga, munda wemagetsi unopesana nenguva uchaonekwa sezvakaratidzwa pazasi muMufananidzo 4.
Mufananidzo 4. Simba remagetsi (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) EQ domain. (3).
Munda wemagetsi uri paMufananidzo 4 unotenderera mudenderedzwa. Rudzi urwu rwemunda runotsanangurwa semafungu akatenderera. Pakutenderera kwedenderedzwa, zvinodiwa zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa:
- Chiyero chekutenderera kwedenderedzwa
- Munda wemagetsi unofanira kunge uine zvikamu zviviri zvakatenderedza (zvakatarisana).
- Zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinofanira kunge zvakaenzana.
- Zvikamu zve quadrature zvinofanira kunge zviri kunze kwemadigiri makumi mapfumbamwe.
Kana uchifamba paWave Figure 4 screen, kutenderera kwemunda kunonzi kwakabatana newachi uye kurudyi neruoko rwakatenderera (RHCP). Kana munda ukatenderera newachi, munda uchava kuruboshwe neruoko rwakatenderera (LHCP).
Kupatsanurana kwemativi edenderedzwa
Kana simba remagetsi riine zvikamu zviviri zvakamira, 90 degrees kunze kwechikamu asi zvakaenzana, simba racho richave rakapatsanurwa nedenderedzwa. Tichifunga nezvesimba remagetsi remafungu endege ari kufamba munzira ye +z, yakatsanangurwa neEquation (4):
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo iyo muromo wevector yemagetsi uchafungidzirwa kuti uripo inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5.
Mufananidzo 5. Munda wemagetsi we "prompt elliptical polarization wave". (4).
Munda uri paMufananidzo 5, uchifamba nenzira inopesana newachi, unenge wakaita sewaya wekurudyi kana ukabuda kunze kwechidzitiro. Kana vector yemagetsi ikatenderera kune rumwe rutivi, munda wacho uchava wakaita sewaya wekurudyi wakapatsanurwa.
Uyezve, elliptical polarization inoreva eccentricity yayo. Chiyero chekusagadzikana kusvika pahukuru hwema major ne madiki axes. Semuenzaniso, wave eccentricity kubva ku equation (4) i1/0.3 = 3.33. Mawave ane elliptically polarized anotsanangurwa zvakare negwara re major axis. Wave equation (4) ine axis ine axis ine x-axis. Cherechedza kuti major axis inogona kuva pa plane angle. angle haidiwi kuti ikwane X, Y kana Z axis. Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ese ari maviri circular ne linear polarization zviitiko zvakakosha zve elliptical polarization. 1.0 eccentric elliptically polarized wave i circularly polarized wave. Elliptically polarized wave ine infinite eccentricity. Linearly polarized wave.
Kupatsanurana kweantena
Zvino zvatava kuziva nezve polarized plane wave electromagnetic fields, polarization ye antenna yave kutsanangurwa zviri nyore.
Kupatsanura MaAntena Kuongorora kweAntena kure-munda, kupatsanura kwemunda une radiation. Nokudaro, maantenna anowanzo nyorwa se "linearly polarized" kana "right-handedly polarized antennas".
Pfungwa iyi iri nyore yakakosha pakutaurirana kweantenna. Chekutanga, antenna yakatenderedzwa yakatambanudzwa haigone kutaurirana neantenna yakatenderedzwa yakatambanudzwa. Nekuda kwedzidziso yekudzoka, antenna inotumira uye inogamuchira nenzira imwecheteyo. Naizvozvo, antenna dzakatenderedzwa dzakatambanudzwa dzinotumira uye dzinogamuchira minda yakatenderedzwa yakatambanudzwa. Saka, kana ukaedza kuendesa antenna yakatenderedzwa yakatambanudzwa yakatambanudzwa, hapazovi nekugamuchira.
Kazhinji, kune maantenna maviri ane polarized linearly akatenderedzwa zvichienderana ne angle ( ), kurasikirwa kwesimba nekuda kwekusawirirana uku kwe polarization kuchatsanangurwa ne polarization loss factor (PLF):
Saka, kana maantenna maviri aine polarization yakafanana, kona iri pakati peminda yavo yemaerekitironi inopenya inenge iri zero uye hapana kurasikirwa kwesimba nekuda kwekusawirirana kwepolarization. Kana antenna imwe yakapolarized yakatwasuka uye imwe yakapolarized yakatwasuka, kona yacho inenge iri 90 degrees, uye hapana simba richatamiswa.
CHERECHEDZA: Kufambisa foni pamusoro pemusoro wako kuenda kumakona akasiyana kunotsanangura kuti sei dzimwe nguva kugamuchira kunogona kuwedzerwa. Maantenna efoni anowanzo kuve akapatsanurwa, saka kutenderera foni kunogona kuenzana nekupatsanurwa kwefoni, zvichiita kuti kugamuchira kuwedzere.
Kutenderera kwedenderedzwa chinhu chinodiwa nemaantenna mazhinji. Maantenna ese ari maviri ane denderedzwa rakatenderera uye haatamburi kurasikirwa nemasaini nekuda kwekusaenderana kwepolarization. Maantenna anoshandiswa mumasisitimu eGPS ane denderedzwa rakatenderera rakatenderera kurudyi.
Zvino ngatitii antenna ine polarized linearly inogamuchira mafungu akatenderera. Saizvozvowo, ngatitii antenna ine polarized circularly inoedza kugamuchira mafungu akatenderera. Chii chinokonzera kurasikirwa kwepolarization?
Yeuka kuti denderedzwa polarization chaizvoizvo imhando mbiri dzemafungu ane polarized linearly, 90 degrees out of phase. Nokudaro, antenna ine polarized linearly (LP) inongogamuchira chikamu che circularly polarized (CP) wave phase. Nokudaro, antenna yeLP ichave nekurasikirwa kwepolarization mismatch kwe0.5 (-3dB). Izvi ndezvechokwadi zvisinei nekuti antenna yeLP inotenderedzwa nekona ipi. saka:
Polarization loss factor dzimwe nguva inonzi polarization efficiency, antenna mismatch factor, kana antenna reception factor. Mazita ese aya anotaura nezvepfungwa imwe chete.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-22-2023
