Nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemidziyo isina waya, masevhisi edata apinda munguva itsva yekukura nekukurumidza, inozivikanwawo sekukura kwakanyanya kwemasevhisi edata. Parizvino, huwandu hwakawanda hwemaapplication huri kutamiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumakomputa kuenda kumidziyo isina waya senge nharembozha dziri nyore kutakura uye kushanda munguva chaiyo, asi mamiriro aya akakonzerawo kuwedzera kukuru kwedata traffic uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvebandwidth. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, huwandu hwedata pamusika hunogona kusvika kuGbps kana kunyange Tbps mumakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu anotevera. Parizvino, kutaurirana kweTHz kwasvika paGbps data rate, nepo huwandu hwedata reTbps huchiri muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa. Pepa rine chekuita neizvi rinoratidza kufambira mberi kwazvino muhuwandu hwedata reGbps zvichibva paTHz band uye rinofanotaura kuti Tbps inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza ne polarization multiplexing. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera huwandu hwekutumira data, mhinduro inogoneka ndeyekugadzira frequency band itsva, inova terahertz band, iri "munzvimbo isina chinhu" pakati pema microwave ne infrared light. Pamusangano weITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) muna 2019, huwandu hwemafrequency e275-450GHz hwakashandiswa kumasevhisi efoni akagadzirwa uye epasi. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti masisitimu ekutaurirana asina waya eterahertz akakwezva kutariswa kwevaongorori vazhinji.
Mafungu emagetsi eTerahertz anowanzotsanangurwa sebhendi remafrequency re0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) rine wavelength ye0.03-3 mm. Zvichienderana neIEEE standard, mafungu eterahertz anotsanangurwa se0.3-10THz. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kuti bhendi remafrequency eterahertz riri pakati pema microwave nechiedza che infrared.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhiyagiramu yechirongwa chebhendi remafrequency eTHz.
Kugadzirwa kweTerahertz Antennas
Kunyangwe tsvakurudzo yeterahertz yakatanga muzana remakore rechi19, haina kudzidzwa senzvimbo yakazvimirira panguva iyoyo. Tsvagiridzo yemwaranzi yeterahertz yainyanya kutarisana nebhandi reinfrared riri kure. Vaongorori vakatanga kufambisa tsvakurudzo ye millimeter wave kubhandi reterahertz pakati pezana remakore rechi20 uye kuita tsvakurudzo yehunyanzvi hweterahertz.
Mumakore ekuma1980, kubuda kwemwaranzi yeterahertz kwakaita kuti kushandiswa kwemafungu eterahertz mumasisitimu anoshanda kuvepo. Kubva muzana remakore rechi21, tekinoroji yekutaurirana isina waya yakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye kuda kwevanhu ruzivo nekuwedzera kwemidziyo yekutaurirana kwakaisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pahuwandu hwekutumira data rekutaurirana. Nokudaro, chimwe chezvinetso zvetekinoroji yekutaurirana mune ramangwana ndechekushanda nedanho repamusoro redata remagigabits pasekondi imwe chete. Pasi pebudiriro yehupfumi iripo, zviwanikwa zvespectrum zvave zvishoma. Zvisinei, zvinodiwa nevanhu kuti vagone kutaurirana nekukurumidza hazviperi. Padambudziko rekuzara kwespectrum, makambani mazhinji anoshandisa tekinoroji ye multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) kuvandudza kushanda kwespectrum uye kugona kwesystem kuburikidza ne spatial multiplexing. Nekufambira mberi kwe5G networks, kumhanya kwekubatanidza data kwemushandisi wega wega kuchapfuura Gbps, uye traffic yedata ye base stations ichawedzerawo zvakanyanya. Kune masisitimu ekukurukurirana echinyakare e millimeter wave, ma microwave links haazokwanise kubata aya makuru data streams. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwesimba rekuona kwemutsetse, daro rekutumirwa kwekutaurirana kwe infrared ipfupi uye nzvimbo yemidziyo yekutaurirana kwayo yakagadzika. Nokudaro, mafungu e THz, ari pakati pema microwave ne infrared, anogona kushandiswa kuvaka masisitimu ekutaurirana anomhanya uye kuwedzera mwero wekutumira data nekushandisa THz link.
Mafungu eTerahertz anogona kupa bandwidth yakakura yekutaurirana, uye huwandu hwayo hwema frequency hunopetwa ka1000 kupfuura hwekutaurirana kwenharembozha. Nokudaro, kushandisa THz kuvaka masisitimu ekutaurirana asina waya anomhanya zvakanyanya mhinduro inovimbisa kune dambudziko rehuwandu hwe data hwakakwira, izvo zvakakwezva kufarira kwemapoka mazhinji evaongorori nemaindasitiri. MunaGunyana 2017, chiyero chekutanga chekutaurirana chisina waya cheTHZ IEEE 802.15.3d-2017 chakaburitswa, icho chinotsanangura kuchinjana kwedata pakati penzvimbo dziri pasi peTHZ frequency ye252-325 GHz. Iyo alternative physical layer (PHY) ye link inogona kuwana huwandu hwe data hunosvika 100 Gbps pama bandwidth akasiyana.
Sisitimu yekutanga yekutaurirana yeTHZ yakabudirira ye0.12 THz yakavambwa muna 2004, uye sisitimu yekutaurirana yeTHZ ye0.3 THz yakaitwa muna 2013. Tafura 1 inoratidza kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kwemasisitimu ekutaurirana eterahertz muJapan kubva muna 2004 kusvika 2013.
Tafura 1 Kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga kwemaitiro ekutaurirana kweterahertz muJapan kubva 2004 kusvika 2013
Maumbirwo eantenna yesystem yekutaurirana yakagadzirwa muna 2004 akatsanangurwa zvakadzama neNippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) muna 2005. Magadzirirwo eantenna akaiswa muzviitiko zviviri, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
Mufananidzo 2. Dhizaini yehurongwa hwekutaurirana kwe wireless yeNTT 120 GHz yeJapan
Sisitimu iyi inobatanidza kushandurwa kwemagetsi neantenna uye inoshandisa nzira mbiri dzekushanda:
1. Munzvimbo iri pedyo nepedyo yemukati, chinotumira antenna cheplanar chinoshandiswa mukati chine single-line carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) chip, planar slot antenna uye silicon lens, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2(a).
2. Munzvimbo iri kure yekunze, kuti antenna yetransmitter iwedzere simba rekurasikirwa kukuru kwekutumira uye kunzwa kushoma kwe detector, antenna ye transmitter inofanira kunge iine gain yakakwira. Antenna yeterahertz iripo inoshandisa lenzi yeGaussian optical ine gain inopfuura 50 dBi. Musanganiswa we feed horn ne lenzi ye dielectric unoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2(b).
Pamusoro pekugadzira sisitimu yekutaurirana ye0.12 THz, NTT yakagadzirawo sisitimu yekutaurirana ye0.3THz muna 2012. Kuburikidza nekuvandudza nguva dzose, huwandu hwekutumira hunogona kusvika pa100Gbps. Sezvatinoona kubva paTafura 1, yakabatsira zvikuru mukuvandudza kutaurirana kweterahertz. Zvisinei, basa rekutsvagisa riripo parizvino rine zvarinokanganisa zvekushanda kwakaderera, saizi yakakura uye mutengo wakakwira.
Mazhinji ema terahertz antennas ari kushandiswa parizvino akagadziriswa kubva kuma millimeter wave antennas, uye hapana hunyanzvi hwakawanda muma terahertz antennas. Saka, kuti tive nekuvandudza mashandiro ema terahertz communication systems, basa rakakosha nderekugadzirisa ma terahertz antennas. Tafura 2 inoratidza kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kweGerman THz communications. Mufananidzo 3 (a) unoratidza THz wireless communication system inobatanidza photonics ne electronics. Mufananidzo 3 (b) unoratidza wind tunnel test scene. Tichitarisa mamiriro ekutsvaga aripo muGermany, tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwayo zvinewo zvazvisingakoshi zvakaita sekushanda kwakaderera, mutengo wakakwira uye kushanda kwakaderera.
Tafura 2 Kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga kwekutaurirana kweTHZ muGermany
Mufananidzo 3: Chiitiko chekuedza mhepo ine gomba
CSIRO ICT Center yakatangawo tsvakiridzo pamusoro pemasisitimu ekutaurirana asina waya emukati meTHz. Nzvimbo iyi yakadzidza hukama huripo pakati pegore nehuwandu hwekutaurirana, sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 4. Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 4, panosvika 2020, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekutaurirana kusina waya inoenda kubhendi reTHz. Huwandu hwekutaurirana hwakanyanya huchishandisa radio spectrum hunowedzera kanenge kagumi makore makumi maviri ega ega. Nzvimbo iyi yakapa mazano pamusoro pezvinodiwa zvemaantenna eTHz uye yakapa maantenna echinyakare akadai senyanga nemalenzi emasisitimu ekutaurirana eTHz. Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 5, maantenna maviri ane nyanga anoshanda pa0.84THz uye 1.7THz zvakateerana, ane chimiro chiri nyore uye mashandiro akanaka eGaussian beam.
Mufananidzo 4. Hukama huripo pakati pegore nehuwandu hwenguva
RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Mufananidzo 5 Mhando mbiri dzeantenna dzenyanga
United States yakaita tsvakiridzo yakakura pamusoro pekubuda uye kuonekwa kwemafungu eterahertz. Marabhoritari ekutsvagisa ane mukurumbira eterahertz anosanganisira Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), US National Laboratory (LLNL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), nezvimwewo. Maantenna matsva eterahertz ekushandisa terahertz akagadzirwa, akadai semaantenna ebowtie uye maantenna ekufambisa efrequency beam. Zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kwemaantenna eterahertz, tinogona kuwana mazano matatu ekutanga ekugadzira maantenna eterahertz parizvino, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6.
Mufananidzo 6 Mazano matatu ekutanga ekugadzira maantenna eterahertz
Ongororo iri pamusoro apa inoratidza kuti kunyangwe nyika zhinji dzakanyatsoteerera ma terahertz antennas, achiri muchikamu chekutanga chekutsvaga nekugadzira. Nekuda kwekurasikirwa kukuru kwekupararira uye kunyudzwa kwemamorekuru, ma THz antennas anowanzo ganhwa nedaro rekutumirwa uye kufukidza. Dzimwe ongororo dzinotarisa pakushanda kwakaderera mubhendi re THz. Tsvagiridzo ye terahertz antenna iripo inonyanya kutarisa pakuvandudza kuwana nekushandisa ma antennas e lens e dielectric, nezvimwewo, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekutaurirana nekushandisa ma algorithms akakodzera. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekuvandudza kushanda kwe terahertz antenna packaging inyaya yekukurumidzira zvakare.
Maantenna eTHz akajairika
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeTHz antennas dziripo: dipole antennas dzine conical cavities, corner reflector arrays, bowtie dipoles, dielectric lens planar antennas, photoconductive antennas dzekugadzira THz source radiation sources, horn antennas, THz antennas zvichibva pane graphene materials, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira THz antennas, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita simbi antennas (kunyanya horn antennas), dielectric antennas (lens antennas), uye material antennas matsva. Chikamu chino chinotanga chapa ongororo yekutanga yeaya maantennas, uye muchikamu chinotevera, maTHz antennas mashanu akajairika anounzwa zvakadzama uye anoongororwa zvakadzama.
1. Maantenna esimbi
Antena yenyanga iantenna yesimbi yakajairika yakagadzirirwa kushanda mubhendi reTHz. Antena yemugamuchiri wemagetsi we classic millimeter ihorn ine conical. Antena dze corrugated uye dual-mode dzine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira kutenderera kwema radiation patterns, high gain ye20 kusvika 30 dBi uye low cross-polarization level ye -30 dB, uye coupling efficiency ye 97% kusvika 98%. Ma bandwidth aripo ema antenna maviri enyanga nde 30%-40% uye 6%-8%, zvichiteerana.
Sezvo kuwanda kwemafungu eterahertz kwakanyanya, saizi yeantenna yenyanga idiki kwazvo, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadziriswa kwenyanga kuve kwakaoma zvikuru, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kweantenna arrays, uye kuoma kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa kunotungamira kumutengo wakawandisa uye kugadzirwa kushoma. Nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzira pasi pedhizaini yakaoma yenyanga, antenna iri nyore yenyanga muchimiro chenyanga ine conical kana conical inowanzo shandiswa, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuoma kwemutengo uye maitiro, uye mashandiro emwaranzi eantenna anogona kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka.
Imwe antenna yesimbi i antenna ye piramidhi yekufamba, ine antenna yekufamba yakabatanidzwa pafirimu ye dielectric ye 1.2 micron uye yakasungirirwa mugomba refu rakachekwa pa silicon wafer, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Iyi antenna chimiro chakavhurika chinoenderana ne Schottky diodes. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chiri nyore uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekugadzira, inogona kushandiswa muma frequency bands ari pamusoro pe 0.6 THz. Zvisinei, sidelobe level uye cross-polarization level ye antenna yakakwira, pamwe nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakavhurika. Nokudaro, coupling efficiency yayo yakaderera (inenge 50%).
Mufananidzo 7 Antena yepiramidhi inofamba
2. Kanyanga yeDielectric
Antena ye dielectric isanganiswa ye substrate ye dielectric ne radiator ye antenna. Nekugadzira kwakakodzera, antena ye dielectric inogona kuwana impedance matching ne detector, uye ine mabhenefiti ekuita zviri nyore, nyore kubatanidzwa, uye mutengo wakaderera. Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori vakagadzira ma narrowband ne broadband side-fire antennas akawanda anogona kuenzana ne low-impedance detectors dze terahertz dielectric antennas: butterfly antenna, double U-shaped antenna, log-periodic antenna, uye log-periodic sinusoidal antenna, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 8. Pamusoro pezvo, ma antenna geometries akaomarara anogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nema genetic algorithms.
Mufananidzo 8 Mhando ina dzeantenna dzakatenderera
Zvisinei, sezvo antenna ye dielectric ichibatanidzwa ne dielectric substrate, mhedzisiro yemafungu epamusoro ichaitika kana frequency ikaswedera ku THz band. Dambudziko iri rinouraya richaita kuti antenna irasikirwe nesimba rakawanda panguva yekushanda uye zvichikonzera kudzikira kukuru mukushanda kwemwaranzi ye antenna. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 9, kana angle yemwaranzi ye antenna yakakura kupfuura angle ye cutoff, simba rayo rinoganhurirwa mu dielectric substrate uye rakabatana ne substrate mode.
Mufananidzo 9. Mhedzisiro yemafungu epamusoro peantena
Sezvo ukobvu hwe substrate huchiwedzera, huwandu hwema modes epamusoro-soro hunowedzera, uye kubatana pakati pe antenna ne substrate kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nesimba. Kuti kunetese simba remafungu epamusoro, kune nzira nhatu dzekugadzirisa:
1) Isa lenzi pa antenna kuti uwedzere kuwedzera kwesimba uchishandisa maitiro ekugadzira mafungu e electromagnetic.
2) Deredza ukobvu hwe substrate kudzvinyirira kugadzirwa kwemafungu emagetsi emagetsi epamusoro-soro.
3) Tsiva chinhu che dielectric chiri mu substrate ne electromagnetic band gap (EBG). Hunhu hwe spatial filtering hweEBG hunogona kudzvinyirira high-order modes.
3. Maantenna matsva
Pamusoro pemaantenna maviri ari pamusoro apa, kunewo antenna yeterahertz yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvitsva. Semuenzaniso, muna 2006, Jin Hao nevamwe vake vakapa antenna yecarbon nanotube dipole. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 10 (a), dipole yakagadzirwa nemacarbon nanotubes panzvimbo pezvinhu zvesimbi. Akanyatsoongorora hunhu hweinfrared neoptical hwe carbon nanotube dipole antenna uye akakurukura hunhu hwe finite-length carbon nanotube dipole antenna, senge input impedance, current distribution, gain, efficiency uye radiation pattern. Mufananidzo 10 (b) unoratidza hukama huripo pakati peinput impedance uye frequency ye carbon nanotube dipole antenna. Sezvazvinogona kuonekwa muMufananidzo 10 (b), chikamu chekufungidzira cheinput impedance chine zero dzakawanda pamafrequencies akakwira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti antenna inogona kuwana maresonances akawanda pamafrequencies akasiyana. Zviri pachena kuti carbon nanotube antenna inoratidza resonance mukati meimwe frequency range (low THz frequency), asi haikwanise zvachose kurira kunze kweiyi range.
Mufananidzo 10 (a) Kabhoni nanotube dipole antenna. (b) Kukombama kweimpedance-frequency kwekupinda
Muna 2012, Samir F. Mahmoud naAyed R. AlAjmi vakapa zano rekugadzira antenna itsva yeterahertz yakavakirwa pama carbon nanotubes, ayo ane bundle yema carbon nanotubes akaputirwa muzvikamu zviviri zve dielectric. Inner dielectric layer i dielectric foam layer, uye outer dielectric layer i metamaterial layer. Chimiro chaicho chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 11. Kuburikidza nekuyedza, mashandiro emwaranzi ye antenna akavandudzwa zvichienzaniswa nema single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Mufananidzo 11 Antena itsva yeterahertz yakavakirwa pamachubhu ekabhoni
Maantenna matsva eterahertz ataurwa pamusoro apa anonyanya kuva nemativi matatu. Kuti antenna ivandudze bandwidth yeantenna uye iite maantenna akafanana, maantenna egraphene ane planar agamuchirwa zvakanyanya. Graphene ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzora hunoramba huripo uye inogona kugadzira plasma yepamusoro nekugadzirisa voltage ye bias. Surface plasma iripo painterface pakati pe positive dielectric constant substrates (senge Si, SiO2, nezvimwewo) uye negative dielectric constant substrates (senge precious metals, graphene, nezvimwewo). Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwe "free electrons" muma conductor akadai se precious metals ne graphene. Aya ma free electrons anonziwo ma plasma. Nekuda kwe intrinsic potential field mu conductor, ma plasma aya ari mu stable state uye haavhiringidzwi nenyika yekunze. Kana incident electromagnetic wave energy yakabatana nema plasma aya, ma plasma anotsauka kubva ku steady state uye anodedera. Mushure mekushandurwa, electromagnetic mode inoumba transverse magnetic wave painterface. Sekureva kwetsananguro ye dispersion relation ye metal surface plasma ne Drude model, simbi hadzigone kusangana nema electromagnetic waves munzvimbo yakasununguka uye kushandura simba. Zvinodiwa kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu kuti kumutsa mafungu eplasma pamusoro. Mafungu eplasma pamusoro anoora nekukurumidza munzira yakafanana yesimbi-substrate interface. Kana simbi inotungamira nenzira yakatarisana nepamusoro, ganda rinoita serinobuda. Zviri pachena kuti nekuda kwehukuru hudiki hweantenna, pane ganda rinobuda mubhandi rema frequency, izvo zvinoita kuti mashandiro eantenna adzike zvakanyanya uye haakwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zve terahertz antennas. Plasmo ye graphene pamusoro haina kungove nesimba rekubatanidza rakakwirira uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera, asiwo inotsigira kuchinjika kwemagetsi kunoramba kuripo. Pamusoro pezvo, graphene ine conductivity yakaoma mubhandi re terahertz. Naizvozvo, kupararira kwemafungu kunononoka kune chekuita ne plasma mode pa terahertz frequency. Hunhu uhu hunoratidza zvizere kugona kwe graphene kutsiva zvinhu zvesimbi mubhandi re terahertz.
Zvichibva pamaitiro epolarization emaplasmon epamusoro pegraphene, Mufananidzo 12 unoratidza mhando itsva ye strip antenna, uye unoratidza chimiro chebhendi chehunhu hwekupararira kwemafungu eplasma mugraphene. Dhizaini yebhendi reantenna rinogona kugadziriswa inopa nzira itsva yekudzidza hunhu hwekupararira kwemaantenna matsva eterahertz.
Mufananidzo 12 Antena itsva yestrip
Kuwedzera pakutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva zve terahertz antenna, graphene nanopatch terahertz antennas dzinogonawo kugadzirwa se arrays dzekuvaka terahertz multi-input multi-output antenna communication systems. Maumbirwo e antenna anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 13. Zvichibva pahunhu hwakasiyana hwe graphene nanopatch antennas, zvinhu zve antenna zvine saizi ye micron. Chemical vapor deposition inogadzira zvakananga mifananidzo yakasiyana ye graphene pane nickel layer yakatetepa uye inoiendesa kune chero substrate. Nekusarudza nhamba yakakodzera yezvikamu uye kushandura electrostatic bias voltage, nzira yemwaranzi inogona kuchinjwa zvinobudirira, zvichiita kuti system igadziriswezve.
Mufananidzo 13 Graphene nanopatch terahertz antenna array
Kutsvagurudza kwezvinhu zvitsva inzira itsva. Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu kunotarisirwa kuyambuka zvipingamupinyi zvemaantenna echinyakare uye kugadzira maantenna matsva akasiyana-siyana, akadai semametateri anogona kugadziriswazve, zvinhu zvine mativi maviri (2D), nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rweantenna runonyanya kutsamira pakuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemaitiro. Chero zvazvingava, kugadzirwa kwemaantenna eterahertz kunoda zvinhu zvitsva, tekinoroji chaiyo yekugadzirisa uye maumbirwo matsva ekugadzira kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvemaantenna eterahertz zvine gain yakakwira, mutengo wakaderera uye bandwidth yakafara.
Zvinotevera zvinounza misimboti mikuru yemhando nhatu dzeterahertz antennas: antennas dzesimbi, antennas dzedielectric uye antennas itsva, uye zvinoongorora misiyano yadzo nezvakanakira nezvakaipira.
1. Antena yesimbi: Geometry iri nyore, iri nyore kugadzirisa, inodhura zvishoma, uye haidi zvinhu zve substrate. Zvisinei, antena dzesimbi dzinoshandisa nzira yemakanika kugadzirisa nzvimbo yeantena, iyo inowanzo kanganisa. Kana kugadzirisa kusina kunaka, mashandiro eantena achaderera zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe antena yesimbi iri diki, zvakaoma kuibatanidza ne planar circuit.
2. Antena yeDielectric: Antena yeDielectric ine impedance shoma yekupinda, iri nyore kuienzanisa ne detector ine impedance shoma, uye iri nyore kubatanidza ne planar circuit. Maumbirwo e geometrical eantena dze dielectric anosanganisira chimiro che butterfly, chimiro che U kaviri, chimiro che logarithmic chenguva dzose uye chimiro che logarithmic periodic sine. Zvisinei, ma antenna e dielectric anewo chikanganiso chinouraya, kureva kuti surface wave effect inokonzerwa ne substrate yakakora. Mhinduro ndeyekuisa lenzi uye kutsiva dielectric substrate ne EBG structure. Mhinduro dzese dzinoda hunyanzvi uye kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuripo kwe process technology nezvinhu, asi mashandiro avo akanaka (akadai se omnidirectionality uye surface wave depression) anogona kupa mazano matsva ekutsvagisa ma antenna e terahertz.
3. Maantenna matsva: Parizvino, maantenna matsva e dipole akagadzirwa nemachubhu ecarbon nano uye maumbirwo matsva e antenna akagadzirwa nezvinhu zve metamaterial aonekwa. Zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kuunza budiriro itsva yekushanda, asi chinangwa ndechekutanga kwesainzi yezvinhu. Parizvino, kutsvagisa maantenna matsva kuchiri muchikamu chekuongorora, uye matekinoroji mazhinji akakosha haasati akura zvakakwana.
Muchidimbu, mhando dzakasiyana dzemaantenna eterahertz dzinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira:
1) Kana dhizaini iri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira zvichidikanwa, maantenna esimbi anogona kusarudzwa.
2) Kana zvichidikanwa kubatanidzwa kwakanyanya uye kupindira kwakaderera, ma antenna e dielectric anogona kusarudzwa.
3) Kana zvichidikanwa kuti pave nebudiriro mukushanda, maantenna matsva anogona kusarudzwa.
Magadzirirwo ari pamusoro apa anogonawo kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Semuenzaniso, mhando mbiri dzeantenna dzinogona kubatanidzwa kuti dziwane mabhenefiti akawanda, asi nzira yekubatanidza uye tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakaoma.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-02-2024
