1. Nhanganyaya kune Antennas
Antenna inzvimbo yekushandura pakati penzvimbo yemahara uye tambo yekufambisa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 1. Mutsetse wekutumira unogona kunge uri muchimiro che coaxial mutsara kana hollow chubhu (waveguide), iyo inoshandiswa kufambisa magetsi emagetsi kubva kune kwakabva. kune antenna, kana kubva kune antenna kuenda kune inogamuchira. Iyo yekutanga ndeye kutumira antenna, uye iyo yekupedzisira inogamuchira antenna.
Mufananidzo 1 Electromagnetic simba rekufambisa nzira (source-transmission line-antenna-free space)
Kufambiswa kweiyo antenna sisitimu mune yekufambisa modhi yeFigure 1 inomiririrwa neThevenin yakaenzana sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, uko sosi inomiririrwa neyakanakira chiratidzo jenareta, mutsara wekutumira unomiririrwa nemutsara une hunhu impedance Zc, uye iyo antenna inomiririrwa nemutoro ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Kuremerwa kwemutoro RL inomiririra conduction uye kurasikirwa kwedielectric kwakabatana neiyo antenna chimiro, nepo Rr inomiririra kuramba kwemwaranzi yeantenna, uye reactance XA inoshandiswa kumiririra chikamu chekufungidzira cheiyo impedance yakabatana neantenna radiation. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, simba rese rinogadzirwa nechiratidzo sosi rinofanirwa kuendeswa kune radiation resistance Rr, iyo inoshandiswa kumiririra kugona kwemwaranzi yeantenna. Nekudaro, mumashandisirwo anoshanda, kune conductor-dielectric kurasikirwa nekuda kwehunhu hwetambo yekutapurirana uye antenna, pamwe nekurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuratidzira (kukanganisa) pakati petambo yekutapurirana uye antenna. Tichifunga nezve kupindira kwemukati kweiyo sosi uye kufuratira tambo yekutapurirana uye kuratidza (mismatch) kurasikirwa, iyo yakanyanya simba inopihwa kune antenna pasi pe conjugate matching.
Mufananidzo 2
Nekuda kwekusawirirana pakati petambo yekutapurirana neantenna, iyo inoratidzwa wave kubva kune iyo interface inokwidziridzwa nechiitiko wave kubva kutsime kuenda kune antenna kugadzira wave wakamira, unomiririra simba rekuisa uye kuchengetedza uye chiri chakajairwa resonant mudziyo. Chimiro chechimiro chechimiro chechimiro chinoratidzwa nemutsara une dotted mumufananidzo 2. Kana iyo antenna system isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, mutsara wekutumira unogona kuita sechinhu chekuchengetedza simba kusvika pamwero mukuru, kwete sewaveguide uye simba rekufambisa simba.
Iko kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa netambo yekufambisa, antenna uye mafungu akamira hazvidiwi. Kurasikirwa kwemutsara kunogona kuderedzwa nekusarudza mitsara yakaderera-kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana, asi kurasikirwa kweantenna kunogona kuderedzwa nekuderedza kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kunomiririrwa neRL mumufananidzo 2. Mafungu akamira anogona kuderedzwa uye kuchengetedza simba mumutsara kunogona kuderedzwa nekufananidza impedance ye iyo antenna (mutoro) ine hunhu impedance yemutsetse.
Mune mawaya masisitimu, pamusoro pekugamuchira kana kufambisa simba, antennas anowanzo kudikanwa kuti uwedzere simba rinopenya mune mamwe maitirwo uye kudzvanyirira simba rinovhenekesa mune mamwe mativi. Naizvozvo, pamusoro pemidziyo yekuona, antennas anofanirwawo kushandiswa semidziyo inotungamira. Antennas anogona kunge ari mumhando dzakasiyana kuti asangane nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Inogona kunge iri waya, aperture, chigamba, chinhu musangano (array), reflector, lens, nezvimwe.
Mune wireless communication systems, antennas chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Yakanaka antenna dhizaini inogona kuderedza zvinodikanwa zvehurongwa uye kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa hwese. Muenzaniso wekare terevhizheni, uko kugamuchirwa kwenhepfenyuro kunogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa antennas epamusoro-soro. Antennas ndeyekutaurirana masisitimu izvo maziso ari kuvanhu.
2. Antenna Classification
1. Waya Antenna
Waya antennas ndeimwe yemhando dzakajairika dzeantennas nekuti dzinowanikwa pese pese - mota, zvivakwa, zvikepe, ndege, spacecraft, etc. Kune akasiyana maumbirwo ewaya antennas, akadai seyakatwasuka (dipole), loop, spiral, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Loop antennas haifaniri kungoita denderedzwa. Vanogona kuva rectangular, square, oval kana chero imwe chimiro. Iyo denderedzwa antenna ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuda kwechimiro chayo chiri nyore.
Mufananidzo 3
2. Aperture Antennas
Aperture antennas ari kutamba basa rakakura nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwemamwe maantenna akaomarara uye mashandisirwo emhando yepamusoro. Mamwe maumbirwo emaantenna aperture (pyramidal, conical and rectangular horn antennas) anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Rudzi urwu rweantenna runobatsira zvakanyanya pakushandisa ndege uye chitundumuseremusere nekuti anogona kugadzikwa zviri nyore paganda rekunze rendege kana spacecraft. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanogona kuvharwa nedhizaini ye dielectric zvinhu kuti vadzivirire kubva kune hutsinye nharaunda.
Mufananidzo 4
3. Microstrip antenna
Microstrip antennas yakave yakakurumbira mu1970s, kunyanya kune satellite application. Iyo antenna ine dielectric substrate uye chigamba chesimbi. Iyo simbi chigamba chinogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, uye rectangular chigamba antenna inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5 ndiyo yakajairika. Microstrip antennas ine chimiro chakaderera, chakakodzera kune yakarongwa uye isiri-yakarongeka nzvimbo, iri nyore uye isingadhure kugadzira, ine yakasimba kusimba kana yakaiswa panzvimbo yakaoma, uye inowirirana neMMIC magadzirirwo. Zvinogona kuiswa pamusoro pendege, spacecraft, satellite, zvombo zvinokandwa, mota, uye kunyange nharembozha uye inogona kugadzirwa nenzira.
Mufananidzo 5
4. Array Antenna
Hunhu hwemwaranzi hunodiwa nemaapplication mazhinji hunogona kusawanikwa nechinhu chimwe chete che antenna. Antenna arrays anogona kuita kuti mwaranzi kubva kuzvinhu kugadzirwa kuti ibudise yakakwira mwaranzi mune imwe kana mamwe mafambiro chaiwo, muenzaniso wakajairwa unoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6.
Mufananidzo 6
5. Reflector Antenna
Kubudirira kwekuongorora nzvimbo kwakakonzerawo kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kweiyo antenna theory. Nekuda kwekudiwa kwekutaurirana-kureba-kureba, antennas akanyanya-kupfuma anofanirwa kushandiswa kufambisa uye kugamuchira masaini mamirioni emamaira kure. Muchishandiso ichi, antenna yakajairwa fomu iparabolic antenna inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Iyi mhando yeantenna ine dhayamita ye305 metres kana kupfuura, uye saizi yakakura kudaro inodiwa kuti uwane mhindu yepamusoro inodiwa kutumira kana kugamuchira masaini mamiriyoni e mamaira kure. Imwe nzira yereflector inoratidzira yekona, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 7 (c).
Mufananidzo 7
6. Lens Antennas
Malenzi anonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza chiitiko chakapararira simba kudzivirira kuti isapararire munzira isingadiwe nemwaranzi. Nekushandura zvakakodzera iyo geometry yelenzi uye kusarudza iyo chaiyo zvinhu, vanogona kushandura akasiyana siyana esimba rakasiyana kuita masaisai endege. Iwo anogona kushandiswa mune akawanda maapplication senge parabolic reflector antennas, kunyanya pamafrequency epamusoro, uye saizi yavo nehuremu zvinova zvakakura zvakanyanya pazasi mafrequency. Lens antennas akaiswa muzvikamu zvinoenderana neavo ekuvaka kana maumbirwo ejometri, mamwe acho anoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8.
Mufananidzo 8
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antennas, ndapota shanya:
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-19-2024
