Kushanda zvakanaka kwekanyangazvinoreva kugona kweantenna kushandura simba remagetsi rinopinda kuita simba rinopfuudzwa. Mukutaurirana kusina waya, kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna kune simba rakakosha pamhando yekutumira masaini uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
Kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna kunogona kuratidzwa nefomura inotevera:
Kushanda zvakanaka = (Simba rine radiation / Simba rekuisa) * 100%
Pakati pazvo, simba remagetsi rinopfuudzwa neantenna, uye simba remagetsi rinopfuudzwa neantenna.
Kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira dhizaini yeantenna, zvinhu, saizi, mashandisirwo ayo, nezvimwewo. Kazhinji, kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna, ndiko kugona kwayo kushandura simba remagetsi rinopinda kuita simba rinopfuudzwa, nokudaro zvichivandudza kunaka kwekutumira masaini uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.
Saka, kushanda zvakanaka chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira nekusarudza maantenna, kunyanya mumashandisirwo anoda kutumirwa kure kana kuti ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakushandisa simba.
1. Kushanda zvakanaka kweAntena
Mufananidzo 1
Pfungwa yekushanda zvakanaka kweantenna inogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa Mufananidzo 1.
Kushanda kwese kweantenna e0 kunoshandiswa kuverenga kurasikirwa kweantenna pakupinda uye mukati mechimiro cheantenna. Tichitarisa Mufananidzo 1(b), kurasikirwa uku kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwe:
1. Kuratidzwa kwechiedza nekuda kwekusawirirana pakati petambo yekutumira neantenna;
2. Kurasikirwa kwemutyairi wemotokari ne dielectric.
Kushanda kwese kweantenna kunogona kuwanikwa kubva mufomura inotevera:
Kureva kuti, kushanda zvakanaka kwese = chibereko chekushanda zvakanaka kusina kuenzana, kushanda zvakanaka kwemutyairi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe dielectric.
Kazhinji zvakaoma kuverenga kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekufambisa magetsi (conductor) uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekufambisa magetsi (dielectric), asi zvinogona kuonekwa nekuyedza. Zvisinei, kuyedza hakugone kusiyanisa kurasikirwa kuviri uku, saka fomura iri pamusoro inogona kunyorwa patsva seizvi:
ecd ndiyo nzira yemwaranzi inoshanda nayo uye Γ ndiyo nzira yekuratidza chiedza.
2. Kuwana uye Kuwana Kunowanikwa
Imwe nzira inobatsira yekutsanangura mashandiro eantenna ndeyekuwana. Kunyangwe kuwana kweantenna kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekutungamira, iparameter inofunga nezvekushanda uye kutungamira kweantenna. Kutungamira iparameter inongotsanangura hunhu hwekutungamira kweantenna, saka inongoonekwa chete nepatani yemwaranzi.
Kuwana kweantenna munzira yakatarwa kunotsanangurwa se "ka4π chiyero chesimba remwaranzi munzira iyoyo kune simba rese rekupinda." Kana pasina nzira yakatarwa, kuwana kwemwaranzi yepamusoro kunowanzo torwa. Nokudaro, pane:
Kazhinji, zvinoreva kuwedzera kwesimba, izvo zvinotsanangurwa se "chiyero chekuwedzera simba munzira yakatarwa nesimba re antenna reference munzira yereference". Simba rekupinda kune iyi antenna rinofanira kuenzana. Antenna reference inogona kuva vibrator, horn kana imwe antenna. Kazhinji, nzvimbo isina divi inoshandiswa se antenna reference. Saka:
Hukama huripo pakati pesimba rose rakasvibirwa nemagetsi ese ekuisa simba ndehwekuti:
Zvichienderana neIEEE standard, "Gain haisanganisiri kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusawirirana kweimpedance (reflection loss) uye polarization mismatch (loss)." Kune pfungwa mbiri dzekuwana, imwe inonzi gain (G) uye imwe inonzi achievable gain (Gre), iyo inofunga nezvekurasikirwa kwekuratidzira/kusawirirana.
Hukama huripo pakati pekuwana nekutungamira ndehwekuti:
Kana antenna yakaenzana zvakakwana netambo yekutumira, kureva kuti, antenna input impedance Zin yakaenzana necharacteristic impedance Zc yemutsetse (|Γ| = 0), saka gain neachievable gain zvakaenzana (Gre = G).
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-14-2024
