Mainjiniya emagetsi anoziva kuti antennas anotumira uye anogashira masaini nenzira yemafungu emagetsi emagetsi (EM) simba rinotsanangurwa neMaxwell's equations. Sezvine misoro mizhinji, aya equation, uye kupararira, zvimiro zvemagetsi emagetsi, zvinogona kudzidzwa pamatanho akasiyana, kubva pamatemu ehunhu kusvika kune yakaoma equations.
Kune akawanda maficha ekuparadzira simba remagetsi, imwe yacho ndeye polarization, iyo inogona kuve neakasiyana madhigirii ekukanganisa kana kunetseka mumashandisirwo nemagadzirirwo avo antenna. Nheyo dzekutanga dzepolarization dzinoshanda kune ese electromagnetic radiation, kusanganisira RF/wireless, optical simba, uye anowanzo shandiswa mune optical application.
Chii chinonzi antenna polarization?
Tisati tanzwisisa polarization, isu tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa misimboti yemagetsi emagetsi mafungu. Aya masaisai anoumbwa neminda yemagetsi (E minda) uye magineti (H minda) uye inofamba munzira imwe. Iyo E neH minda yakatarisana kune imwe neimwe uye kune kutungamira kwendege wave kuparadzira.
Polarization inoreva E-field ndege kubva pakuona kwechiratidzo chechiratidzo: kune yakatwasuka polarization, munda wemagetsi uchafamba nedivi mundege yakatwasuka, nepo kune vertical polarization, munda wemagetsi unotenderera uchikwira nekudzika mundege yakatwasuka.( mufananidzo 1).
Mufananidzo 1: Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anoumbwa neakaenzana perpendicular E uye H zvikamu zvemunda.
Linear polarization uye denderedzwa polarization
Polarization modes dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:
Mune yakakosha mutsara polarization, iwo maviri anogoneka polarizations ari orthogonal (perpendicular) kune mumwe nemumwe (Mufananidzo 2). Muchiono, antenna yakachinjika inogashira haizo "ona" chiratidzo kubva kune yakatwasuka polarized antenna uye zvichipesana, kunyangwe zvese zvichishanda panguva imwe chete. Izvo zvirinani ivo vakarongeka, iyo yakawanda chiratidzo inotorwa, uye kufambisa kwesimba kunokwidziridzwa kana polarizations inowirirana.
Mufananidzo 2: Linear polarization inopa maviri polarization sarudzo pamakona ekurudyi kune mumwe nemumwe
Iyo oblique polarization yeantenna imhando yemutsara polarization. Kufanana neiyo yakakosha yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka polarization, iyi polarization inongoita zvine musoro munzvimbo yepasi. Oblique polarization iri pakona ye ± 45 madhigirii kune yakachinjika referensi ndege. Kunyange iyi ichingori imwe nzira yemutsara wepolarization, izwi rekuti "mutsara" rinowanzoreva antenna akachinjika kana akatwasuka.
Kunyangwe kumwe kurasikirwa, masaini anotumirwa (kana kugamuchirwa) ne diagonal antenna anogoneka nema antenna akachinjika kana kuti akatwasuka. Obliquely polarized antennas inobatsira kana polarization yeimwe kana ese antenna isingazivikanwe kana shanduko panguva yekushandiswa.
Circular polarization (CP) yakaoma kupfuura mutsara polarization. Mune iyi modhi, iyo polarization inomiririrwa neE field vector inotenderera sezvo chiratidzo chinopararira. Kana yatenderedzwa kurudyi (yakatarisa kunze kubva kune inotapurirana), denderedzwa polarization inonzi kurudyi-ruoko denderedzwa polarization (RHCP); kana ichitenderedzwa kuruboshwe, ruboshwe-ruboshwe denderedzwa polarization (LHCP) (Mufananidzo 3)
Mufananidzo 3: Mune denderedzwa polarization, iyo E yemunda vector ye electromagnetic wave inotenderera; kutenderera uku kunogona kuva ruoko rwerudyi kana ruboshwe
Chiratidzo cheCP chine mafungu maviri orthogonal ari kunze kwechikamu. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa kuti ugadzire chiratidzo cheCP. Munda weE unofanirwa kuve nezvikamu zviviri zve orthogonal; zvikamu zviviri zvinofanira kuva 90 madhigirii kunze kwechikamu uye akaenzana muamplitude. Nzira iri nyore yekugadzira CP ndeye kushandisa helical antenna.
Elliptical polarization (EP) imhando yeCP. Elliptically polarized waves ndiko kuwana kunogadzirwa nemasaisai maviri ane linearly polarized, seCP mafungu. Kana maviri anoenderana perpendicular linearly polarized mafungu ane asina kuenzana amplitudes akasanganiswa, iyo elliptically polarized wave inogadzirwa.
Iyo polarization mismatch pakati peantenna inotsanangurwa neiyo polarization kurasikirwa chinhu (PLF). Iyi parameter inoratidzwa mumadecibels (dB) uye ibasa remutsauko wepolarization angle pakati pekutumira nekugamuchira antennas. Tichifunga, iyo PLF inogona kubva ku0 dB (hapana kurasikirwa) kune antenna yakanyatso kurongeka kusvika kukusingaperi dB (kurasikirwa kusingagumi) kune yakanyatso orthogonal antenna.
Muchokwadi, zvakadaro, iko kurongeka (kana kusarongeka) kwepolarization hakuna kukwana nekuti iyo mechaniki chinzvimbo cheantenna, maitiro emushandisi, kukanganisa kwechiteshi, maratidziro akawanda, uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kukonzera kumwe kukanganisa kweangular kweiyo inofambiswa magetsi emagetsi. Pakutanga, pachava ne10 - 30 dB kana kupfuura yechiratidzo chemuchinjikwa-polarization "leakage" kubva kune orthogonal polarization, iyo mune dzimwe nguva inogona kukwana kukanganisa kudzorerwa kwechiratidzo chaunoda.
Kusiyana neizvi, iyo PLF chaiyo yemaantenna maviri akabatana ane polarization yakanaka inogona kunge iri 10 dB, 20 dB, kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye inogona kutadzisa chiratidzo kupora. Mune mamwe mazwi, kusingatarisirwe kuyambuka-polarization uye PLF inogona kushanda nzira mbiri nekukanganisa chiratidzo chinodiwa kana kuderedza inodiwa chiratidzo chesimba.
Sei uchifunga nezve polarization?
Polarization inoshanda nenzira mbiri: iyo yakanyanya kuenderana antennas maviri uye ane imwechete polarization, zviri nani kusimba kwechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa. Ukuwo, kurongeka kwakashata kwepolarization kunoita kuti zvinyanye kuomera kune vanogamuchira, zvingave zvakatarisirwa kana kusagutsikana, kutora zvakakwana zvechiratidzo chekufarira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo "chiteshi" inokanganisa iyo inotapurirana polarization, kana imwe kana ese antenna asiri mune yakagadziriswa static gwara.
Sarudzo yekuti ndeipi polarization yekushandisa inowanzogadziriswa nekuisa kana mamiriro emuchadenga. Semuyenzaniso, horizontally polarized antenna ichaita zvirinani uye kuchengetedza polarization yayo kana yaiswa padyo necerin; Ukuwo, antenna yakatwasuka ichaita zvirinani uye chengetedza kuita kwayo polarization kana yaiswa padhuze nemadziro ekudivi.
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa dipole antenna (yakajeka kana kupetwa) yakachinjika polarized mune yayo "yakajairika" yekumisikidza yekutarisa (Mufananidzo 4) uye inowanzotenderedzwa 90 madhigirii kutora vertical polarization kana ichidikanwa kana kutsigira yakasarudzika polarization mode (Mufananidzo 5).
Mufananidzo 4: A dipole antenna inowanzo kukwidziridzwa yakachinjika pane yayo mast kuti ipe horizontal polarization.
Mufananidzo 5: Zvemaapplication anoda vertical polarization, iyo dipole antenna inogona kuisirwa zvinoenderana painobata antenna.
Vertical polarization inowanzo shandiswa paredhiyo nharembozha, senge idzo dzinoshandiswa nevanotanga kupindura, nekuti akawanda akamira polarized radio antenna dhizaini inopawo omnidirectional radiation pateni. Naizvozvo, antenna akadaro haafanire kudzokororwa kunyangwe gwara reredhiyo neredhiyo richichinja.
3 - 30 MHz high frequency (HF) frequency antennas anowanzo kugadzirwa sewaya dzakareruka dzakasunganidzwa pamwechete zvakachinjika pakati pemabhuraketi. Kureba kwayo kunotsanangurwa newavelength (10 - 100 m). Iri rudzi rwe antenna yakasikwa yakatwasuka polarized.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kutaura nezve bhendi iri se "high frequency" yakatanga makumi emakore apfuura, apo 30 MHz yaive yakakwira frequency. Kunyangwe tsananguro iyi yava kuita seyechinyakare, izita repamutemo neInternational Telecommunications Union uye ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Iyo polarization inosarudzika inogona kutsanangurwa nenzira mbiri: kungave kushandisa masaisai epasi kune akasimba-pfupi-renji kusaina nemidziyo yekutepfenyura uchishandisa iyo 300 kHz - 3 MHz yepakati wave (MW) bhendi, kana kushandisa masaisai edenga kwemadaro marefu kuburikidza neiyo ionosphere Link. Kazhinji kutaura, vertically polarized antennas ane zvirinani kupararira kwepasi wave, nepo horizontally polarized antennas ane zvirinani sky wave performance.
Circular polarization inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune satellite nekuti kutaridzika kwesetiraiti maererano nezviteshi zvepasi uye mamwe masatellite ari kuramba achichinja. Kubudirira pakati pekutumira uye kugamuchira antenna kwakanyanya kana ese ari denderedzwa polarized, asi linearly polarized antennas anogona kushandiswa neCP antennas, kunyangwe paine polarization kurasikirwa chinhu.
Polarization yakakoshawo kune 5G masisitimu. Mamwe 5G akawanda-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays anowedzera kuwedzera kuburikidza nekushandisa polarization kuti ishandise nemazvo iyo iripo spectrum. Izvi zvinowanikwa uchishandisa musanganiswa weakasiyana masaini polarizations uye spatial multiplexing yeantennas (nzvimbo dzakasiyana).
Iyo sisitimu inogona kufambisa nzizi mbiri dzedata nekuti hova dzedhata dzakabatanidzwa neakazvimirira orthogonally polarized antennas uye inogona kudzoserwa yakazvimirira. Kunyangwe kana kumwe kuchinjika-polarization kuripo nekuda kwenzira uye kukanganiswa kwechiteshi, kuratidza, kuwanda, uye kumwe kusakwana, anogamuchira anoshandisa algorithms akaomesesa kudzoreredza chiratidzo chega chega, zvichikonzera yakaderera bit kukanganisa mitengo (BER) uye pakupedzisira yakagadziridzwa spectrum Utilization.
mukupedzisa
Polarization chinhu chakakosha antenna chivakwa chinowanzo furatirwa. Linear (kusanganisira horizontal uye vertical) polarization, oblique polarization, circular polarization uye elliptical polarization inoshandiswa kune dzakasiyana siyana. Huwandu hwekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo RF kuita iyo antenna inogona kuwana zvinoenderana nehukama hwayo uye kurongeka. Antennas akajairwa ane polarizations akasiyana uye akakodzera kune akasiyana mativi eiyo spectrum, ichipa yakasarudzika polarization yechinangwa chekushandisa.
Zvigadzirwa Zvinokurudzirwa:
| RM-DPHA2030-15 | ||
| Parameters | Typical | Units |
| Frequency Range | 20-30 | GHz |
| Gain | 15 Chinyorwa. | dBi |
| VSWR | 1.3 Type. | |
| Polarization | Dual Linear | |
| Cross Pol. Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega | 60 Chinyorwa. | dB |
| Port Isolation | 70 Chinyorwa. | dB |
| Connector | SMA-Female | |
| Material | Al | |
| Kupedza | Paint | |
| Size(L*W*H) | 83.9*39.6*69.4(±5) | mm |
| Kurema | 0.074 | kg |
| RM-BDHA118-10 | ||
| Item | Tsanangudzo | Unit |
| Frequency Range | 1-18 | GHz |
| Gain | 10 Chinyorwa. | dBi |
| VSWR | 1.5 Type. | |
| Polarization | Linear | |
| Muchinjikwa Po. Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega | 30 Chinyorwa. | dB |
| Connector | SMA-Mukadzi | |
| Kupedza | Paint | |
| Material | Al | |
| Size(L*W*H) | 182.4*185.1*116.6(±5) | mm |
| Kurema | 0.603 | kg |
| RM-CDPHA218-15 | ||
| Parameters | Typical | Units |
| Frequency Range | 2-18 | GHz |
| Gain | 15 Chinyorwa. | dBi |
| VSWR | 1.5 Type. |
|
| Polarization | Dual Linear |
|
| Cross Pol. Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega | 40 | dB |
| Port Isolation | 40 | dB |
| Connector | SMA-F |
|
| Surface Treatment | Paint |
|
| Size(L*W*H) | 276*147*147(±5) | mm |
| Kurema | 0.945 | kg |
| Material | Al |
|
| Operating Temperature | -40-+85 | °C |
| RM-BDPHA9395-22 | ||
| Parameters | Typical | Units |
| Frequency Range | 93-95 | GHz |
| Gain | 22 Chinyorwa. | dBi |
| VSWR | 1.3 Type. |
|
| Polarization | Dual Linear |
|
| Cross Pol. Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega | 60 Chinyorwa. | dB |
| Port Isolation | 67 Chinyorwa. | dB |
| Connector | WR10 |
|
| Material | Cu |
|
| Kupedza | Ndarama |
|
| Size(L*W*H) | 69.3*19.1*21.2 (±5) | mm |
| Kurema | 0.015 | kg |
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-11-2024
