Antennakuyerwa ndiyo maitiro ekuongorora uye kuongorora mashandiro eantenna uye maitiro. Nekushandisa yakakosha midziyo yekuyedza uye nzira dzekuyera, tinoyera kuwana, radiation pateni, kumira wave ratio, frequency mhinduro uye mamwe ma paramita eiyo antenna kuona kana dhizaini yeantenna inosangana nezvinodiwa, tarisa mashandiro eantenna, uye kupa mazano ekuvandudza. Mhedzisiro uye data kubva kuyero yeantenna inogona kushandiswa kuongorora mashandiro eantenna, kugadzirisa madhizaini, kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa, uye kupa nhungamiro uye mhinduro kune vanogadzira antenna uye mainjiniya ekushandisa.
Zvishandiso Zvinodiwa muAntenna Measurements
Pakuongorora antenna, mudziyo wakanyanya kukosha iVNA.Iyo yakapusa mhando yeVNA i1-port VNA, inokwanisa kuyera kusamira kwe antenna.
Kuyerwa kweiyo antenna radiation pateni, kuwana uye kugona kwakanyanya kuoma uye kunoda mimwe michina yakawanda. Tichadaidza antenna kuyerwa iyo AUT, inomiririra Antenna Under Test. Midziyo inodiwa yekuyera antenna inosanganisira:
Antenna yereferenzi - Antenna ine hunhu hunozivikanwa (kuwana, patani, nezvimwe)
Iyo RF Power Transmitter - Iyo nzira yekupinza simba muAUT [Antenna Under Test]
A receiver system - Izvi zvinotarisa kuti ingani simba rinogamuchirwa nereferensi antenna
A Positioning system - Iyi sisitimu inoshandiswa kutenderedza bvunzo antenna inoenderana nekwakabva antenna, kuyera iyo radiation pateni sebasa rekona.
Dhizaini yebhuroka yemidziyo iri pamusoro inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhiagiramu yeinodiwa yekuyera antenna michina.
Izvi zvikamu zvichakurukurwa muchidimbu. Iyo Reference Antenna inofanirwa kupenya zvakanaka pane yaunoda bvunzo frequency. Mareferensi antenna anowanzo ari maviri-polarized nyanga antenna, kuitira kuti yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka polarization inogona kuyerwa panguva imwe chete.
Iyo Transmitting System inofanirwa kukwanisa kuburitsa yakagadzikana inozivikanwa nhanho yemagetsi. Iyo inobuda frequency inofanirwawo kugoneka (selectable), uye yakagadzikana (yakagadzikana zvinoreva kuti frequency yaunowana kubva kune transmitter iri padyo neiyo frequency yaunoda, haina kusiyana zvakanyanya nekushisa). Iyo inofambisa inofanira kunge iine simba shoma pane mamwe mafrequency (pachagara paine simba kunze kweinodiwa frequency, asi hapafanirwe kunge paine simba rakawanda paharmonics, semuenzaniso).
Iyo Receiving System inongoda kuona kuti ingani simba rinotambirwa kubva kune bvunzo antenna. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemita yemagetsi yakapfava, inova mudziyo wekuyera RF (redhiyo frequency) simba uye inogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune antenna terminals kuburikidza netambo yekutapurirana (senge coaxial tambo ine N-mhando kana SMA zvibatanidza). Kazhinji iyo inogamuchira ndeye 50 Ohm system, asi inogona kuve yakasiyana impedance kana yatsanangurwa.
Ziva kuti transmit/receive system inowanzotsiviwa neVNA. Chiyero cheS21 chinotumira frequency kunze kwechiteshi 1 uye inonyora simba rakagamuchirwa pachiteshi 2. Nokudaro, VNA inonyatsokodzera basa iri; zvisinei haisiriyo nzira chete yekuita basa iri.
Iyo Positioning System inodzora kutaridzika kweyeyedzo antenna. Sezvo isu tichida kuyera iyo radiation pateni yeyeyedzo antenna sebasa remakona (kazhinji mune spherical coordinates), isu tinofanirwa kutenderedza bvunzo antenna kuitira kuti sosi antenna ivhenekere bvunzo antenna kubva kune yega kona inobvira. Iyo yekumisikidza system inoshandiswa kune chinangwa ichi. Mumufananidzo 1, tinoratidza iyo AUT ichitenderedzwa. Cherechedza kuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita kutenderera uku; dzimwe nguva iyo referensi antenna inotenderedzwa, uye dzimwe nguva ese mareferenzi uye maAUT antenna anotenderedzwa.
Iye zvino zvatava nemidziyo yese inodiwa, tinogona kukurukura kwekuita zviyero.
Ndeipi nzvimbo yakanaka yeantenna kuyerwa? Zvimwe ungada kuita izvi mugaraji rako, asi kuratidzwa kubva kumadziro, sirin'i uye pasi kungaita kuti zviyero zvako zvive zvisina kururama. Nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuita zviyero zveantenna iri kumwe kunze kwekunze, uko pasina kuratidzwa kunogona kuitika. Nekudaro, nekuti kufamba muchadenga parizvino kuri kudhura zvisingaite, tichatarisa nzvimbo dzekuyera dziri pamusoro pePasi. Iyo Anechoic Chamber inogona kushandiswa kutsaura iyo antenna bvunzo yekumisikidza ichitora inotaridza simba neRF inonwisa furo.
Free Space Ranges (Anechoic Chambers)
Nzvimbo dzemahara inzvimbo dzekuyera antenna dzakagadzirirwa kutevedzera zviyero zvaizoitwa muchadenga. Ndiko kuti, mafungu ose anoratidzwa kubva kuzvinhu zviri pedyo uye pasi (izvo zvisingadiwi) zvinodzvinyirirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iwo anonyanya kufarirwa emahara nzvimbo makamuri anechoic makamuri, akakwirisa renji, uye iyo compact range.
Anechoic Chambers
Anechoic chambers indoor antenna ranges. Madziro, sirin'i uye pasi zvakamisikidzwa neakakosha emagetsi wave absorbing material. Imba yemukati inodiwa nekuti mamiriro ekuyedzwa anogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya kupfuura aya ekunze. Izvo zvinhu zvinowanzo mira muchimiro zvakare, zvichiita kuti makamuri aya anakidze kuona. Maumbirwo egonyonhatu ane jagged akagadzirwa kuitira kuti zvinoratidzwa kubva pazviri zvifambe nenzira isina kurongeka, uye izvo zvinowedzerwa pamwechete kubva kune ese maratidziro asina kujairika zvinowanzowedzera zvisina kurongeka uye nokudaro zvinodzvanyirirwa mberi. Mufananidzo wekamuri yeanechoic inoratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera, pamwe nemimwe michina yekuyedza:
(Mufananidzo unoratidza RFMISO antenna bvunzo)
Iyo yekudzosera kumakamuri anechoic ndeyekuti kazhinji inoda kuve yakakura. Kazhinji antennas anofanirwa kuve akati wandei kureba kubva kune mumwe kune hushoma kutevedzera kure-munda mamiriro. Nekudaro, kune yakaderera frequency ine yakakura wavelengths tinoda makamuri akakura kwazvo, asi mutengo uye zvipingamupinyi zvinoshanda zvinowanzo dzikamisa saizi yavo. Mamwe makambani ekudzivirira makondirakiti anoyera iyo Radar Cross Section yendege hombe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinozivikanwa kuti zvine anechoic chamber saizi yematare ebasketball, kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvakajairika. Makunivhesiti ane makamuri anechoic anowanzo kuve nemakamuri ari 3-5 metres pakureba, hupamhi uye kureba. Nekuda kwehukuru hwekumanikidza, uye nekuti RF inonwisa zvinhu inowanzoshanda zvakanyanya paUHF uye nepamusoro, makamuri anechoic anowanzo shandiswa kune ma frequency ari pamusoro pe300 MHz.
Yakasimudzwa Ranges
Elevated Ranges inzvimbo dzekunze. Mune iyi setup, sosi uye antenna iri pasi pekuyedzwa zvakaiswa pamusoro pevhu. Aya antenna anogona kunge ari mumakomo, shongwe, zvivakwa, kana chero kupi kwaanoona kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinowanzoitirwa maentenna akakura kwazvo kana pamhepo yakaderera (VHF uye pazasi, <100 MHz) uko kuyerwa kwemukati kusingagoneke. Iyo yekutanga dhayagiramu yenzvimbo yakakwirira inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
Mufananidzo 2. Mufananidzo wenzvimbo yakakwirira.
Iyo sosi antenna (kana referensi antenna) haisati iri pakakwirira pane iyo test antenna, ini ndangozviratidza saizvozvo pano. Mutsetse wekuona (LOS) pakati pemaantenna maviri (unoratidzwa nemwaranzi dema muMufananidzo 2) unofanirwa kuve usina kuvharika. Zvimwe zvese zvinoratidzira (zvakadai semwaranzi mutsvuku unoratidzwa kubva pasi) hazvidiwi. Kune marenji akakwira, kana kwabva uye nzvimbo yekuyedza antenna yatemwa, vanoedza vanozoona kuti kutarisisa kwakakosha kuchaitika kupi, uye kuyedza kudzikisa kuratidzwa kubva munzvimbo idzi. Kazhinji rf inonwisa zvinhu inoshandiswa kune ichi chinangwa, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobvisa maranzi kure neantenna yebvunzo.
Compact Ranges
Iyo sosi antenna inofanirwa kuiswa mumunda wekure weyedzo antenna. Chikonzero ndechekuti wave yakagamuchirwa neyeyedzo antenna inofanirwa kunge iri ndege wave yekunyatsoita. Sezvo antenna achipenya masaisai akatenderera, antenna inofanirwa kunge iri kure zvakakwana zvekuti wave unopenya kubva kune kwakabva antenna ingangoita ndege wave - ona Mufananidzo 3.
Mufananidzo 3. Kwakabva antenna inopenya masaisai ane denderedzwa remberi.
Zvisinei, kumakamuri emukati kazhinji kazhinji hapana kuparadzaniswa kwakakwana kuti zvibudirire izvi. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri ndeye compact range. Munzira iyi, sosi antenna yakanangana neanoratidzira, ine chimiro chakagadzirirwa kuratidza spherical wave nenzira yakarongwa. Izvi zvakada kufanana nemusimboti panoshanda dish antenna. Basa rekutanga rinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.
Mufananidzo 4. Compact Range - masaisai akatenderera kubva kunobva antenna anoratidzwa kuva planar (collimated).
Hurefu hweiyo parabolic reflector inowanzodiwa kuti ive yakakura kakawanda seyeyedzo antenna. Iyo sosi antenna muMufananidzo 4 inobviswa kubva kune inoratidzira kuti ive isiri munzira yemiranzi inoratidzwa. Kuchengetedza kunofanirwawo kuitwa kuitira kuchengetedza chero yakananga radiation (mutual coupling) kubva kune sosi antenna kuenda kune bvunzo antenna.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-03-2024
