KanyangaKuyera inzira yekuongorora nekuongorora mashandiro eantenna nehunhu hwayo. Nekushandisa michina yekuyedza yakakosha uye nzira dzekuyera, tinoyera gain, radiation pattern, standing wave ratio, frequency response nezvimwe zvikamu zveantenna kuti tione kana magadzirirwo eantenna achizadzisa zvinodiwa, kutarisa mashandiro eantenna, uye kupa mazano ekuvandudza. Mhedzisiro nedata kubva mukuyera antenna zvinogona kushandiswa kuongorora mashandiro eantenna, kugadzirisa magadzirirwo, kuvandudza mashandiro esystem, uye kupa gwara nemhinduro kune vagadziri veantenna nemainjiniya eapplication.
Midziyo Inodiwa Mukuyerwa kweAntenna
Pakuyedza antenna, chishandiso chinonyanya kukosha iVNA. Rudzi rwakareruka rweVNA i1-port VNA, iyo inokwanisa kuyera impedance yeantenna.
Kuyera patani yemwaranzi yeantenna, kuwedzera kwayo uye kushanda kwayo kwakaoma uye kunoda michina yakawanda. Tichadaidza antenna kuti iyerwe AUT, iyo inomiririra Antenna Under Test. Midziyo inodiwa pakuyera antenna inosanganisira:
Antena yekutarisa - Antena ine hunhu hunozivikanwa (kuwedzera, patani, nezvimwewo)
Chinotumira Simba reRF - Nzira yekupinza simba muAUT [Antenna Under Test]
Sisitimu yekugamuchira - Izvi zvinosarudza kuti simba rakawanda sei rinogamuchirwa neantenna yereferensi
Sisitimu yekuisa mafambiro - Sisitimu iyi inoshandiswa kutenderedza antenna yekuedza kana tichienzanisa neantenna yepakutanga, kuyera pateni yemwaranzi senzira yekona.
Dhayagiramu yebhuroko yemidziyo iri pamusoro apa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhizaini yemidziyo yekuyera antenna inodiwa.
Zvikamu izvi zvichakurukurwa muchidimbu. Antenna yeReference inofanira kupenya zvakanaka pahuwandu hwebvunzo hunodiwa. Antenna dzeReference dzinowanzova antenna dzenyanga dzine polarized mbiri, kuitira kuti polarization yakatwasuka neyakatwasuka ikwanise kuyerwa panguva imwe chete.
Sisitimu yekutumira inofanira kukwanisa kuburitsa simba rakasimba rinozivikanwa. Frequency yekuburitsa inofanirawo kugadziriswa (inosarudzwa), uye yakagadzikana zvine mwero (yakagadzikana zvinoreva kuti frequency yaunowana kubva kutransmitter iri pedyo nefrequency yaunoda, haisiyane zvakanyanya nekupisa). Transmitter inofanira kunge iine simba shoma pane mamwe mafrequency ese (panogara paine simba kunze kwefrequency yaunoda, asi hapafanirwe kuve nesimba rakawanda paharmonics, semuenzaniso).
Sisitimu Yekugamuchira Inongoda Kuona Kuti Simba Ringapi Rinogamuchirwa Kubva Kuedzwa Kweantenna. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa Nekushandisa Power Meter Yakareruka, Iyo Inoshandiswa Kuyera Simba reRF (Radio Frequency) Uye Inogona Kubatanidzwa KumaAntena Netambo Yekutumira (Sezvakaita Cable yeCoaxial Ine N-Type Kana SMA Connectors). Kazhinji, Receiver Inoshandisa 50 Ohm System, Asi Inogona Kuva NeImpedance Yakasiyana Kana Yataurwa.
Ziva kuti sisitimu yekutumira/kugamuchira inowanzo tsiviwa neVNA. Kuyerwa kweS21 kunotumira frequency kubva pachiteshi 1 uye kunorekodha simba rinogamuchirwa pachiteshi 2. Saka, VNA yakakodzera basa iri; zvisinei haisiriyo yega nzira yekuita basa iri.
Sisitimu Yokugadzika Inodzora Kurongeka kweAntena Yekuyedza. Sezvo tichida kuyera pateni yemwaranzi yeAntena Yekuyedza senzira yekona (kazhinji muzvikamu zvakatenderera), tinofanira kutenderedza Antena Yekuyedza kuitira kuti Antena Yekutangira Ivhenekere Antena Yekuyedza kubva kumakona ese anogoneka. Sisitimu Yekugadzika Inoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi. MuMufananidzo 1, tinoratidza AUT ichitenderedzwa. Cherechedza kuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita kutenderedza uku; dzimwe nguva Antena Yekutarisisa Inotenderedzwa, uye dzimwe nguva Antena dzeReference neAUT dzinotenderedzwa.
Zvino zvatava nemidziyo yese inodiwa, tinogona kukurukura kuti tingaita kupi kuyerwa.
Ndeipi nzvimbo yakanaka yekuyera antenna yedu? Pamwe ungade kuita izvi mugaraji rako, asi kupenya kubva pamadziro, padenga nepasi kungaita kuti kupenya kwako kusave kwakarurama. Nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuyera antenna iri kune imwe nzvimbo muchadenga, uko kusina kupenya kunogona kuitika. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti kufamba muchadenga parizvino kunodhura zvakanyanya, tichatarisa nzvimbo dzekuyera dziri pamusoro pePasi. Anechoic Chamber inogona kushandiswa kupatsanura antenna test setup uku ichitora simba rinoratidzwa neRF absorption foam.
Nzvimbo dzeMahara (Anechoic Chambers)
Nzvimbo dzemahara (Free space ranges) inzvimbo dzekuyera antenna dzakagadzirirwa kutevedzera zviyero zvaizoitwa muchadenga. Kureva kuti, mafungu ese anoratidzwa kubva pazvinhu zviri pedyo nepasi (izvo zvisingadiwi) anodzvinyirirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Nzvimbo dzemahara dzakakurumbira imakamuri asina kusimba, nzvimbo dzakakwidziridzwa, uye nzvimbo dzakasimba.
Makamuri eAnechoic
Makamuri anechoic makamuri emukati meantenna. Madziro, matenga nepasi zvakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvinobata mafungu emagetsi. Makamuri emukati meimba anodiwa nekuti mamiriro ekuyedza anogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya kupfuura ekunze. Zvinhu zvacho zvinowanzova nechimiro chakakombama, zvichiita kuti makamuri aya anakidze kuona. Maumbirwo etriangle dzakakombama akagadzirwa kuitira kuti zvinoratidzwa kubva maari zvipararire nenzira dzisina kurongwa, uye zvinowedzerwa pamwe chete kubva mukuratidzira kwese kusina kurongwa zvinowanzowedzera zvisina kurongeka uye nokudaro zvinodzikiswa zvakanyanya. Mufananidzo wekamuri rinechoic unoratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera, pamwe chete nemimwe michina yekuyedza:
(Mufananidzo unoratidza bvunzo yeRFMISO antenna)
Dambudziko remakamuri asina chinhu ndechekuti anowanzo fanirwa kunge akakura zvakanyanya. Kazhinji maantenna anofanirwa kunge ari kure nema wavelengths akawanda kuti afananidze mamiriro ekunze ari kure. Saka, kune ma frequency akaderera ane ma wavelengths makuru tinoda makamuri makuru kwazvo, asi mitengo nezvirambidzo zvinowanzo dzikamisa saizi yawo. Mamwe makambani ekudzivirira anoyera Radar Cross Section yendege hombe kana zvimwe zvinhu anozivikanwa kuti ane makamuri asina chinhu saizi yenhandare dzebasketball, kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvakajairika. Mayunivhesiti ane makamuri asina chinhu anowanzo kuve nemakamuri ane urefu hwemamita 3-5, upamhi uye kukwirira. Nekuda kwehukuru hwacho, uye nekuti RF absorbing material inowanzo shanda zvakanyanya paUHF nepamusoro, makamuri asina chinhu anowanzo shandiswa pama frequency ari pamusoro pe300 MHz.
Nzvimbo Dzakakwirira
MaElevated Ranges imhando yekunze. Mugadziriro iyi, tsime neantenna zviri kuyedzwa zvinoiswa pamusoro pevhu. Maantenna aya anogona kunge ari pamakomo, shongwe, zvivakwa, kana chero kupi zvako kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinowanzoitirwa maantenna makuru kwazvo kana pamafrequency akaderera (VHF uye pasi, <100 MHz) uko kuyerwa kwemukati kwaisazogadziriswa. Dhayagiramu yekutanga yenzvimbo yakakwira inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
Mufananidzo 2. Mufananidzo wenzvimbo yakakwirira.
Antena yekutangira (kana kuti antenna yekureferensi) haisi panzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura antenna yekuyedza, ndakangoiratidza nenzira iyoyo pano. Mutsetse wekuona (LOS) uri pakati peantenna mbiri (dzakaratidzwa nemwaranzi mutema muMufananidzo 2) haufanirwe kuvharwa. Mamwe mareferensi ese (akadai semwaranzi mutsvuku unoonekwa kubva pasi) haadiwi. Kune nzvimbo dzakakwira, kana nzvimbo yeantena yekuyedza yaonekwa, vanoedza vanozoona kuti mareferensi akakosha achaitika kupi, uye vanoedza kuderedza mareferensi kubva panzvimbo idzi. Kazhinji rf absorbing material inoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi, kana chimwe chinhu chinobvisa mwaranzi kubva paantena yekuyedza.
Nzvimbo Dzakamanikana
Antena yekutangira inofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo iri kure yeantena yekuyedza. Chikonzero ndechekuti wave inogamuchirwa neantena yekuyedza inofanira kunge iri plane wave kuti ive yakanyatsojeka. Sezvo antena dzichiburitsa mafungu akatenderera, antena inofanira kunge iri kure zvakakwana zvekuti wave inoburitswa kubva kuantena yekutangira inenge iri plane wave - ona Mufananidzo 3.
Mufananidzo 3. Antena yepakutanga inoburitsa mafungu ane wavefront yakaita sedenderedzwa.
Zvisinei, kumakamuri emukati kazhinji hapana kupatsanurwa kwakakwana kuti izvi zviitike. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri ndeyekushandisa tambo shoma. Munzira iyi, antenna yepakutanga inonangidzirwa kune reflector, ine chimiro chakagadzirwa kuratidza denderedzwa remafungu nenzira yakarongwa. Izvi zvakafanana zvikuru nepfungwa iyo antenna yedhishi inoshanda nayo. Kushanda kwekutanga kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.
Mufananidzo 4. Compact Range - mafungu akatenderera anobva ku source antenna anoratidzwa seakarongwa (akaunganidzwa).
Kureba kwe parabolic reflector kunowanzodiwa kuti kuve kwakakura zvakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura antenna yekuyedza. Antena yekunobva iri muMufananidzo 4 inobviswa kubva ku reflector kuitira kuti isapindire munzira yemwaranzi inoratidzwa. Kungwarira kunofanirawo kuitwa kuitira kuchengetedza chero mwaranzi yakananga (mutual coupling) kubva kuantenna yekunobva kuenda kuantenna yekuyedza.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-03-2024
