Kana zvasvikaantennas, mubvunzo uyo vanhu vanonyanya kunetseka nawo ndewekuti "Mwaranzi inowanika sei chaizvo?"Iyo electromagnetic munda inogadzirwa sei nechiratidzo sosi inopararira kuburikidza netambo yekufambisa uye mukati meantenna, uye pakupedzisira "kuparadzanisa" kubva kune antenna kugadzira yemahara nzvimbo wave.
1. Single waya mwaranzi
Ngatifungei kuti density yechaji, inoratidzwa seqv (Coulomb/m3), yakagovaniswa zvakafanana muwaya yakatenderedzwa ine muchinjiko-chikamu nharaunda yea uye vhoriyamu yeV, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1
Iyo yakazara charge Q muvhoriyamu V inofamba munzira z pane yunifomu kumhanya Vz (m/s).Zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti ikozvino density Jz pamuchinjikwa chikamu chewaya ndeiyi:
Jz = qv vz (1)
Kana iyo waya yakagadzirwa neyakanaka conductor, ikozvino density Js pawaya pamusoro ndeiyi:
Js = qs vz (2)
Ipi qs inzvimbo yekuchaja density.Kana waya yakaonda kwazvo (zvakakodzera, radius i0), ikozvino muwaya inogona kuratidzwa se:
Iz = ql vz (3)
Iko ql (coulomb/mita) ndiyo inochaja pahurefu hweyuniti.
Isu tinonyanya kunetseka newaya dzakatetepa, uye mhedziso dzinoshanda kune nyaya nhatu dziri pamusoro apa.Kana iyo yazvino ichisiyana-siyana, inotorwa yeformula (3) maererano nenguva yakaita seiyi:
(4)
az ndiko kukwidziridzwa kwechaji.Kana kureba kwewaya iri l, (4) inogona kunyorwa sezvizvi:
(5)
Equation (5) hukama hwekutanga pakati pezvazvino nekuchaja, uye zvakare hukama hwekutanga hwemagetsi emagetsi.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kugadzira radiation, panofanirwa kuve nenguva-inosiyana-siyana ikozvino kana kukwidziridza (kana kudzikisira) yekuchaja.Isu tinowanzo taura zvazvino munguva-harmonic application, uye kubhadharisa kunowanzo kutaurwa mune zvenguva pfupi kunyorera.Kuti ibudise kukwidziridzwa kwechaji (kana kudzikisira), waya inofanirwa kubhenda, kupetwa, uye kusaenderera.Kana iyo yekuchaja ichitenderera munguva-harmonic kufamba, inoburitsawo periodic charge kukwidziridza (kana kudzikisira) kana nguva-inosiyana-siyana ikozvino.Naizvozvo:
1) Kana mutero usingafambi, hapazovi nemazuva ano uye pasina radiation.
2) Kana iyo charge ikafamba nekumhanya nguva dzose:
a.Kana waya yakatwasuka uye isingaperi pakureba, hapana mwaranzi.
b.Kana waya yakakotama, yakapetwa, kana kuti isingaenderere mberi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2, pane mwaranzi.
3) Kana iyo yekuchaja ichikwira nekufamba kwenguva, iyo charge ichapenya kunyangwe waya yakatwasuka.
Mufananidzo 2
Manzwisisiro emhando yemaitiro emwaranzi anogona kuwanikwa nekutarisa pulsed sosi yakabatana newaya yakavhurika iyo inogona kudzika kuburikidza nemutoro payakavhurika magumo, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 2 (d).Kana waya payakatanga kupiwa simba, machaji (maerekitironi emahara) muwaya anoiswa mukufamba nemitsara yemunda yemagetsi inogadzirwa nekwakabva.Sezvo machaji achikwidziridzwa pamagumo ewaya uye nekudzikiswa (negative kukurumidza inoenderana nekufamba kwepakutanga) kana ichiratidzwa pakupera kwayo, nzvimbo yemwaranzi inogadzirwa kumigumo yayo uye pamwe nekusara kwewaya.Iko kukwidziridzwa kwemhosva kunoitwa nekunze kwesimba kwesimba iro rinoisa machaji mukufamba uye rinogadzira yakabatana radiation ndima.Kuderera kwemhosva pamagumo etambo kunoitwa nemasimba emukati akabatanidzwa nemunda wakakonzerwa, unokonzerwa nekuunganidza zvikwereti zvakanyanya pamagumo etambo.Masimba emukati anowana simba kubva mukuunganidzwa kwechaji sezvo kukurumidza kwayo kunoderera kusvika ku zero kumagumo ewaya.Naizvozvo, kukwidziridzwa kwemachaji nekuda kwekusimudzwa kwemunda wemagetsi uye kudzikira kwezvipo nekuda kwekusaenderera mberi kana kutsetseka curve yewaya impedance ndiyo nzira dzekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi.Kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri density yazvino (Jc) uye density yechaji (qv) ari mazwi ekutanga muequation yaMaxwell, kubhadharisa kunoonekwa sehuwandu hwakakosha, kunyanya kuminda yenguva pfupi.Kunyangwe tsananguro iyi yemwaranzi ichinyanya kushandiswa kumatunhu enguva pfupi, inogona zvakare kushandiswa kutsanangura yakatsiga-mamiriro emwaranzi.
Kurudzira akati wandei akanakaantenna zvigadzirwayakagadzirwa naRFMISO:
RM-TCR406.4
RM-BCA082-4 (0.8-2GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
2. Maviri-waya mwaranzi
Batanidza sosi yemagetsi kune maviri-conductor transmission line yakabatana neantenna, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 3(a).Kuisa voltage kumutsara wewaya mbiri kunoburitsa munda wemagetsi pakati pemakondakita.Mitsetse yemagetsi inoshanda pamaerekitironi emahara (akaparadzaniswa zviri nyore kubva kumaatomu) akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe conductor uye anoamanikidza kufamba.Kufamba kwechaji kunogadzira ikozvino, iyo inozogadzira iyo magnetic field.
Mufananidzo 3
Takabvuma kuti mitsara yemagetsi inotanga nechaji yakanaka uye inopera nemhosva dzisina kunaka.Zvechokwadi, vanogonawo kutanga nemhosva dzakanaka uye kupera pakusingaperi;kana kutanga pakusingaperi uye kupera nemhosva dzisina kunaka;kana kuita zvishwe zvakavharwa zvisingatangi kana kupera nemhosva ipi zvayo.Mitsetse yeMagineti inogara ichigadzira zvishwe zvakavharika zvakatenderedza zvino-kutakura makondukita nekuti hapana magineti kuchaji mufizikisi.Mune mamwe mafomula emasvomhu, magineti machaji akaenzana uye magineti anounzwa kuratidza hunyambiri pakati pemhinduro dzinosanganisira simba nemagineti masosi.
Mitsetse yemagetsi yakadhirowewa pakati pemakondakita maviri anobatsira kuratidza kugoverwa kwechaji.Kana isu tichifungidzira kuti iyo voltage sosi ndeye sinusoidal, isu tinotarisira kuti munda wemagetsi pakati pemakondukita zvakare uve sinusoidal nenguva yakaenzana neyekunobva.Humwe hukuru hwesimba remagetsi emagetsi hunomiririrwa nekuwanda kwemitsara yemagetsi emagetsi, uye miseve inoratidza hukama hunoenderana (yakanaka kana yakaipa).Chizvarwa chenguva-inosiyana-siyana yemagetsi uye magineti minda pakati pemakondukita inoumba electromagnetic wave iyo inopararira pamwe nemutsetse wekutumira, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 (a).Iyo electromagnetic wave inopinda mu antenna nechaji uye inoenderana ikozvino.Kana tikabvisa chikamu chechimiro che antenna, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 (b), nzvimbo yakasununguka inogona kuumbwa ne "kubatanidza" migumo yakazaruka yemitsara yemagetsi (inoratidzwa nemitsara ine dotted).Iyo free-space wave iriwo nguva nenguva, asi iyo inogara-chikamu poindi P0 inoenda kunze nekumhanya kwechiedza uye inofamba chinhambwe che λ/2 (kusvika P1) muhafu yenguva.Pedyo neantenna, iyo inogara-chikamu poindi P0 inofamba nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza uye inosvika nekumhanya kwechiedza kunzvimbo dziri kure neantenna.Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza kugovera kwemahara-nzvimbo yemagetsi kugovera kwe λ∕2 antenna pa t = 0, t/8, t/4, uye 3T/8.
Mufananidzo 4 Yemahara nzvimbo yemagetsi kugovera kwenzvimbo ye λ∕2 antenna pa t = 0, t/8, t/4 uye 3T/8
Hazvizivikanwe kuti masaisai anotungamirwa anoparadzaniswa sei kubva kune antenna uye pakupedzisira akaumbwa kuti aparadzire munzvimbo yemahara.Tinogona kufananidza mafungu enzvimbo anotungamirirwa uye akasununguka nemafungu emvura, anogona kukonzerwa nedombo rakadonhedzwa mumvura yakadzikama yemvura kana nedzimwe nzira.Kana imwe nguva mhirizhonga mumvura inotanga, masaisai emvura anogadzirwa uye anotanga kupararira kunze.Kunyange kana mhirizhonga ikamira, masaisai haamire asi anoramba achipararira mberi.Kana kukanganisa kukaramba kuchienderera mberi, masaisai matsva anogara achigadzirwa, uye kupararira kwemafungu aya kunosara shure kwemamwe masaisai.
Zvimwe chetezvo kune mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi.Kana iyo yekutanga kuvhiringika kwemagetsi kubva kunobva kwave kwenguva pfupi, mafungu emagetsi anogadzirwa anopararira mukati memutsara wekutapurirana, wobva wapinda muantenna, uye wopedzisira wapenya semafungu enzvimbo yemahara, kunyangwe kunakidzwa kusipo (senge mafungu emvura. uye kukanganisa kwavakaita).Kana kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kuchienderera mberi, mafungu emagetsi aripo nguva dzose uye anotevera zvakanyanya shure kwavo panguva yekuparadzira, sezvinoratidzwa mubiconical antenna inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5. charge mukati meconductor.Zvisinei, kana masaisai achivhenekerwa, anoita jira rakavharwa uye hapana muripo wekuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo.Izvi zvinotisvitsa kumhedzisiro yekuti:
Kunakidzwa kwemunda kunoda kukurumidza uye kuderedzwa kwechaji, asi kuchengetedza kwemunda hakudi kukurumidza uye kuderedzwa kwechaji.
Mufananidzo 5
3. Dipole Radiation
Isu tinoedza kutsanangura magadzirirwo ayo mitsara yemunda wemagetsi inotsemuka kubva kune antenna uye kugadzira mafungu emahara-nzvimbo, uye tora dipole antenna semuenzaniso.Kunyangwe iri tsananguro yakapfava, zvakare inoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kuona chizvarwa chemahara-nzvimbo masaisai.Mufananidzo 6(a) unoratidza mitsara yemagetsi inogadzirwa pakati pemaoko maviri e dipole apo mitsara yemagetsi inoenda kunze ne λ∕4 muchikamu chekutanga chekutenderera.Nokuda kwemuenzaniso uyu, ngatitorei kuti nhamba yemagetsi emagetsi akaumbwa ndeye 3. Muchikamu chinotevera chekutenderera, mitsara yepakutanga mitatu yemagetsi inofambisa imwe λ∕4 (yakazara λ∕2 kubva pakutanga), uye kuwanda kwechaji pane conductor kunotanga kudzikira.Inogona kutorwa seyakaumbwa nekuunzwa kwemhosva dzakapesana, iyo inodzima mitero kune conductor pakupera kwehafu yekutanga yekutenderera.Mitsetse yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemachaji akapesana ndeye 3 uye inofamba chinhambwe che λ∕4, iyo inomiririrwa nemitsara ine madoti muFigure 6(b).
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndeyekuti kune mitsara mitatu yekudzika yemagetsi munzvimbo yekutanga λ∕4 chinhambwe uye nhamba yakafanana yemitsara yemagetsi inokwira muchikamu chechipiri λ∕4.Sezvo pasina mambure ekubhadhara pane antenna, mitsara yemagetsi yemagetsi inofanira kumanikidzwa kuparadzaniswa kubva kune conductor uye inobatanidza pamwe chete kuti iite chivharo chakavharwa.Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6 (c).Muchikamu chechipiri, maitiro akafanana emuviri anoteverwa, asi cherechedza kuti kutungamira kunopesana.Mushure meizvi, nzira yacho inodzokororwa uye inoenderera mberi nekusingaperi, ichiita kugovera kwemagetsi kwemagetsi kwakafanana neMufananidzo 4.
Mufananidzo 6
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antennas, ndapota shanya:
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-20-2024
