Kana zvasvika paantenna, mubvunzo unonyanya kutyiwa nevanhu ndewekuti "Mwaranzi inowanikwa sei chaizvo?" Simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechiratidzo rinopararira sei kuburikidza netambo yekutumira uye mukati meantenna, uye pakupedzisira "rinoparadzaniswa" neantenna kuti rigadzire wave yenzvimbo yakasununguka.
1. Mwaranzi yewaya imwe chete
Ngatifungei kuti huwandu hwechaji, hunoratidzwa se qv (Coulomb/m3), hwakapararira zvakaenzana muwaya yakatenderera ine nzvimbo ye cross-sectional ye a uye vhoriyamu ye V, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1
Mutengo wose weQ muvhoriyamu V unofamba uchienda kudivi rez nespeed yakafanana Vz (m/s). Zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti density yeJz iri pachikamu chewaya ndeye:
Jz = qv vz (1)
Kana waya yakagadzirwa neconductor yakakodzera, huwandu hweJs huripo pamusoro pewaya ndehwekuti:
Js = qs vz (2)
Apo qs iri density ye surface charge. Kana waya iri tete zvakanyanya (zvichida, radius iri 0), simba remagetsi riri muwaya rinogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
Iz = ql vz (3)
Apo ql (coulomb/meter) iri chaji pahurefu hweyuniti.
Tinonyanya kufunga nezvewaya dzakatetepa, uye mhedziso yacho inoshanda kune nyaya nhatu dziri pamusoro apa. Kana magetsi achichinja-chinja nguva, zvinobuda mufomula (3) maererano nenguva ndeizvi:
(4)
az ndiyo acceleration yekuchaja. Kana urefu hwewaya huri l, (4) hunogona kunyorwa seizvi:
(5)
Equation (5) ndiyo hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi nechaji, pamwe nehukama huripo pakati pemwaranzi yemagetsi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti pave nemwaranzi, panofanira kunge paine magetsi anochinja-chinja kana kukurumidza (kana kuderedza) kwechaji. Tinowanzo taura nezvemagetsi mukushandiswa kwenguva-harmonic, uye chaji inowanzo taurwa mukushandiswa kwenguva pfupi. Kuti pave nekumhanya kwechaji (kana kuderedza), waya inofanira kukotama, kupetwa, uye kusaenderera mberi. Kana chaji ikatenderera mukufamba kwenguva-harmonic, ichaitawo kuti pave nekumhanya kwenguva nenguva (kana kuderedza) kana magetsi anochinja-chinja. Saka:
1) Kana chaji ikasafamba, hapazovi nemagetsi uye hapana mwaranzi.
2) Kana chaji ichifamba nekumhanya kwakafanana:
a. Kana waya yacho yakatwasuka uye yakareba zvisingaverengeki, hapana mwaranzi.
b. Kana waya yakakombama, yakapetwa, kana kuti isina kuenderera mberi, sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 2, pane mwaranzi.
3) Kana chaji ikaramba ichitenderera nekufamba kwenguva, chaji yacho inopenya kunyangwe waya yacho yakatwasuka.
Mufananidzo 2
Kunzwisisa kwakakosha kwemuchina wemwaranzi kunogona kuwanikwa nekutarisa sosi inotenderera yakabatana newaya yakavhurika inogona kugadzikwa pasi kuburikidza nemutoro pamucheto wayo wakavhurika, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2(d). Kana waya yatanga yawedzerwa simba, machaji (maerekitironi asina muripo) ari muwaya anotangwa netambo dzemagetsi dzinogadzirwa nesosi. Sezvo machaji achikurumidziswa pamucheto wewaya uye achidzikira (negative acceleration kana tichienzanisa nekufamba kwekutanga) kana aratidzwa pamugumo wayo, munda wemwaranzi unogadzirwa pamagumo ayo uye pamwe chete newaya yasara. Kukurumidziswa kwechaji kunoitwa nesosi yekunze yesimba inoisa machaji mukufamba uye inoburitsa munda wemwaranzi unobatanidzwa. Kudzikira kwechaji pamagumo ewaya kunoitwa nemasimba emukati ane chekuita nemunda wakakonzerwa, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwechaji dzakasimba pamagumo ewaya. Masimba emukati anowana simba kubva pakuunganidzwa kwechaji sezvo kumhanya kwayo kuchiderera kusvika zero pamagumo ewaya. Saka, kukurumidza kwemari inokonzerwa nekukwidziridzwa kwemagetsi uye kudzikira kwemari inokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kana kutsetseka kwewaya impedance ndiyo nzira yekugadzira mwaranzi yemagetsi. Kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri current density (Jc) uye charge density (qv) zviri mazwi ekutanga muequations dzaMaxwell, charge inoonekwa sehuwandu hwakakosha, kunyanya kuma transient fields. Kunyangwe tsananguro iyi yemwaranzi ichinyanya kushandiswa kuma transient states, inogona zvakare kushandiswa kutsanangura steady-state radiation.
Kurudzira akawanda akanaka kwazvozvigadzirwa zve antennayakagadzirwa naRFMISO:
RM-TCR406.4
RM-BCA082-4 （0.8-2GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
2. Mwaranzi yewaya mbiri
Batanidza sosi yemagetsi kune tambo yekufambisa ine maconductor maviri yakabatana neantenna, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3(a). Kushandisa voltage kune tambo ine waya mbiri kunoita kuti pave nemagetsi pakati pemaconductor. Mitsetse yemagetsi inoshanda pamaerekitironi akasununguka (anoparadzaniswa zviri nyore kubva kumaatomu) akabatana neconductor yega yega uye anoamanikidza kufamba. Kufamba kwemari kunogadzira magetsi, ayo anozogadzira simba remagineti.
Mufananidzo 3
Tabvuma kuti mitsetse yemagetsi inotanga nechaji dzakanaka uye inopera nechaji dzisina kunaka. Ehe, dzinogona zvakare kutanga nechaji dzakanaka uye inopera nechaji dzisina kukwana; kana kutanga nechaji dzisina kukwana uye inopera nechaji dzisina kunaka; kana kugadzira mitsetse yakavharwa isingatangi kana kupera nechaji chero dzipi zvadzo. Mitsetse yemagetsi inogara ichiumba mitsetse yakavharwa yakatenderedza mafambiro emagetsi nekuti hapana machaji emagetsi mufizikisi. Mune mamwe mafomati emasvomhu, machaji emagetsi akaenzana uye machaji emagetsi anounzwa kuratidza huviri huripo pakati pemhinduro dzinosanganisira simba uye masosi emagetsi.
Mitsetse yemagetsi inotorwa pakati pemakondirakita maviri inobatsira kuratidza kugoverwa kwechaji. Kana tikafunga kuti sosi yemagetsi ndeye sinusoidal, tinotarisira kuti sosi yemagetsi iri pakati pemakondirakita ivewo sinusoidal ine nguva yakaenzana neyesosi. Hukuru hwesimba remagetsi hunomiririrwa nehuremu hwemitsara yemagetsi, uye miseve inoratidza divi rehukama (rakanaka kana rakaipa). Kugadzirwa kweminda yemagetsi nemagineti inosiyana-siyana panguva pakati pemakondirakita kunoumba wave yemagetsi inopararira pamwe chete netambo yekutumira, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3(a). Wave yemagetsi inopinda muantenna ine chaji uye current inoenderana nayo. Kana tikabvisa chikamu chechimiro cheantenna, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3(b), wave yemahara inogona kuumbwa ne "kubatanidza" magumo akavhurika emitsetse yemagetsi (inoratidzwa nemitsetse ine madotsi). Wave yemahara inoonekwawo nguva nenguva, asi iyo constant-phase point P0 inofamba ichienda kunze nekumhanya kwechiedza uye inofamba chinhambwe che λ/2 (kusvika ku P1) muhafu yenguva. Pedyo neantenna, iyo constant-phase point P0 inofamba nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza uye inoswedera pedyo nekumhanya kwechiedza panzvimbo dziri kure neantenna. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza kugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi remahara kweantenna ye λ∕2 pa t = 0, t/8, t/4, uye 3T/8.
Mufananidzo 4 Kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yakasununguka yemagetsi e-antenna ye λ∕2 pa t = 0, t/8, t/4 uye 3T/8
Hazvizivikanwe kuti mafungu anotungamirirwa anoparadzaniswa sei neantenna uye pakupedzisira anoumbwa kuti afambe munzvimbo yakasununguka. Tinogona kuenzanisa mafungu emuchadenga anotungamirirwa nemafungu emuchadenga nemafungu emvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nedombo rakadonhedzwa mumvura yakadzikama kana nedzimwe nzira. Kana kukanganiswa mumvura kwatanga, mafungu emvura anogadzirwa uye anotanga kupararira kunze. Kunyangwe kukanganiswa kwacho kukamira, mafungu haamire asi anoramba achipararira mberi. Kana kukanganiswa kukaramba kuripo, mafungu matsva anogara achigadzirwa, uye kupararira kwemafungu aya kunosara kumashure kwemamwe mafungu.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoitikawo kumafungu emagetsi anokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Kana kukanganiswa kwekutanga kwemagetsi kubva kunobva kwacho kuri kwenguva pfupi, mafungu emagetsi anokonzerwa anopararira mukati memutsetse wekutumira, obva apinda muantenna, uye pakupedzisira anobuda semafungu emuchadenga, kunyangwe kuwedzeredzwa kusisipo (kufanana nemafungu emvura nekukanganiswa kwaakaita). Kana kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kuchienderera mberi, mafungu emagetsi anogara aripo uye anotevedza kumashure kwawo panguva yekupararira, sezvakaratidzwa muantenna yebiconical inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Kana mafungu emagetsi ari mukati memitsara yekutumira uye maantenna, kuvapo kwawo kune chekuita nekuvapo kwechaji yemagetsi mukati memubati. Zvisinei, kana mafungu achiratidzwa, anoumba loop yakavharwa uye hapana chaji yekuchengetedza kuvapo kwawo. Izvi zvinotitungamira kumhedzisiro yekuti:
Kufashukira kwemunda kunoda kukurumidza uye kudzikira kwekuchaja, asi kuchengetedza munda hakudi kukurumidza uye kudzikira kwekuchaja.
Mufananidzo 5
3. Kupisa kweDipole
Tinoedza kutsanangura mashandiro anoita mitsetse yemagetsi kubva pa antenna yogadzira mafungu e free-space, uye totora antenna ye dipole semuenzaniso. Kunyangwe iri tsananguro yakapfava, inoitawo kuti vanhu vaone kuberekwa kwemafungu e free-space. Mufananidzo 6(a) unoratidza mitsetse yemagetsi inogadzirwa pakati pemaoko maviri e dipole apo mitsetse yemagetsi inobuda kunze ne λ∕4 muchikamu chekutanga che cycle. Semuenzaniso uyu, ngatifungei kuti huwandu hwemitsetse yemagetsi inoumbwa i 3. Muchikamu chinotevera che cycle, mitsetse mitatu yekutanga ye electric field inofambisa imwe λ∕4 (huwandu hwe λ∕2 kubva pakutanga), uye huwandu hwechaji pa conductor hunotanga kudzikira. Inogona kufungidzirwa kuti inoumbwa nekuiswa kwechaji dzakapesana, izvo zvinobvisa chaji pa conductor pakupera kwehafu yekutanga ye cycle. Mitsetse yemagetsi inogadzirwa nechaji dzakapesana i 3 uye inofambisa daro re λ∕4, iro rinomiririrwa nemitsetse ine madotsi mu Mufananidzo 6(b).
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndeyekuti kune mitsara mitatu yemagetsi iri pasi mudaro rekutanga re λ∕4 uye nhamba yakafanana yemitsara yemagetsi iri kumusoro mudaro rechipiri re λ∕4. Sezvo pasina chaji yakakwana paantenna, mitsara yemagetsi inofanira kumanikidzwa kuparadzaniswa neconductor uye kubatana pamwe chete kuti igadzire loop yakavharwa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6(c). Muhafu yechipiri, maitiro akafanana emuviri anoteverwa, asi cherechedza kuti divi rakapesana. Mushure meizvozvo, maitiro acho anodzokororwa uye anoenderera mberi nekusingaperi, achigadzira kugoverwa kwemagetsi kwakafanana neMufananidzo 4.
Mufananidzo 6
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-20-2024
