Nhau - Ongororo ye antenna dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakutumira zvinhu (Chikamu 2)

2. Kushandiswa kweMTM-TL muAntenna Systems
Chikamu chino chichatarisa pane maTL ekugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi uye mamwe emashandisirwo azvo anonyanya kukosha pakugadzira maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana eantenna ane mutengo wakaderera, kugadzirwa kuri nyore, miniaturization, wide bandwidth, high gain and efficiency, wide range scanning capability uye low profile. Izvi zvinokurukurwa pazasi.

1. Maantenna eBroadband uye akawanda-frequency
MuTL yakajairika ine urefu hwe l, kana angular frequency ω0 yapihwa, kureba kwemagetsi (kana phase) yetambo yekutumira kunogona kuverengerwa seinotevera:

Apo vp inomiririra kumhanya kwechikamu chetambo yekutumira. Sezvatinoona kubva pamusoro apa, bandwidth inoenderana zvakanyanya nekunonoka kweboka, inova derivative yeφ maererano nefrequency. Nokudaro, sezvo kureba kwetambo yekutumira kuchiva kupfupika, bandwidth inowedzerawo kukura. Nemamwe mashoko, pane hukama hwakasiyana pakati pebandwidth nechikamu chekutanga chetambo yekutumira, iyo yakagadzirwa zvakananga. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mumasekete akaparadzirwa echinyakare, bandwidth yekushanda haisi nyore kudzora. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nekuganhurirwa kwemitsara yekutumira yechinyakare maererano nemadhigirii erusununguko. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvekurodha zvinobvumira mamwe maparameter kuti ashandiswe muTLs dzemetaterial, uye mhinduro yechikamu inogona kudzorwa kusvika pamwero wakati. Kuti uwedzere bandwidth, zvinodikanwa kuva neslope yakafanana pedyo nefrequency yekushanda yehunhu hwekupararira. Artificial metaterial TL inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Zvichibva pane iyi nzira, nzira dzakawanda dzekuvandudza bandwidth yeantennas dzakapihwa mupepa. Nyanzvi dzakagadzira uye dzakagadzira maantenna maviri ebroadband akazadzwa ne split ring resonators (ona Mufananidzo 7). Mhedzisiro inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7 inoratidza kuti mushure mekurodha split ring resonator ne conventional monopole antenna, low resonant frequency mode inofadzwa. Saizi yesplit ring resonator inogadziriswa kuti iwane resonance iri pedyo neiyo monopole antenna. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kana ma resonance maviri aya akabatana, bandwidth uye radiation characteristics ye antenna zvinowedzerwa. Kureba neupamhi hwe monopole antenna zviri 0.25λ0×0.11λ0 uye 0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), zvichiteerana, uye kureba neupamhi hwe monopole antenna yakazadzwa ne split ring resonator zviri 0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), zvichiteerana. Kune conventional F-shaped antenna ne T-shaped ring antenna isina split ring resonator, gain yepamusoro uye radiation efficiency inoyerwa mu 5GHz band ndeye 3.6dBi - 78.5% uye 3.9dBi - 80.2%, zvichiteerana. Kune antenna yakazara ne split ring resonator, ma parameter aya ndee 4dBi - 81.2% uye 4.4dBi - 83%, zvichiteerana, mu 6GHz band. Nekushandisa split ring resonator semutoro unoenderana pa monopole antenna, 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz uye 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz mabhendi anogona kutsigirwa, zvichienderana ne fractional bandwidths ye 75.4% uye ~ 87%, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti measurement bandwidth yakawedzerwa nekanenge ka2.4 uye ka2.11 zvichienzaniswa ne monopole antennas dzechinyakare dzine saizi yakatarwa.

Mufananidzo 7. Maantenna maviri ebroadband ane ma resonator anopatsanurana.

Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 8, mhedzisiro yekuedza ye antenna ye monopole yakadhindwa inoratidzwa. Kana S11≤-10 dB, bandwidth yekushanda iri 185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), uye pa1.45 GHz, peak gain uye radiation efficiency i2.35 dBi uye 78.8%, zvichiteerana. Marongerwo e antenna akafanana ne sheet sheet ine back-to-back, iyo inopihwa ne curvilinear power divider. GND yakapfupikiswa ine stub yepakati yakaiswa pasi pe feeder, uye ma open resonant rings mana akapararira akaipoteredza, izvo zvinoita kuti bandwidth ye antenna iwedzere. Antenna inopenya inenge iri kwese kwese, ichifukidza akawanda ma VHF ne S bands, uye ese ma UHF ne L bands. Saizi ye physical ye antenna i 48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, uye saizi yemagetsi i 0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Ine mabhenefiti ehukuru hudiki uye mutengo wakaderera, uye ine mikana yekushandisa mumasisitimu ekutaurirana asina waya eBroadband.

Mufananidzo 8: Antena yeMonopole yakazara ne split ring resonator.

Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza chimiro cheantenna yakarongwa ine mapeya maviri etambo dzakasungirirwa dzakasungirirwa kune plane yevhu yakachekwa-yakaita seT kuburikidza nemavias maviri. Saizi yeantenna ndeye 38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), uko λ0 iri wavelength yenzvimbo yakasununguka ye0.55 GHz. Antenna inopenya kumativi ese muE-plane mubhendi remafrequency ekushanda re0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwe5.5dBi pa2.35GHz uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe90.1%. Izvi zvinoita kuti antenna inokurudzirwa ikodzere kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi neBluetooth.

Mufananidzo 9 Chimiro cheantenna yakarongwa.

2. Antena yeMafungu Anobuda (LWA)
Kaneti itsva inobuda mvura ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzekugadzira TL yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kune kaneti inobuda mvura, mhedzisiro yechikamu che "phase constant" β pa "radiation angle" (θm) uye hupamhi hwepamusoro hwe "beam width" (Δθ) ndeiyi inotevera:

L ndiyo kureba kweantenna, k0 ndiyo nhamba yemafungu ari munzvimbo yakasununguka, uye λ0 ndiyo wavelength iri munzvimbo yakasununguka. Cherechedza kuti mwaranzi inoitika chete kana |β|

3. Antena ye resonator isina kurongeka
Hunhu hwakasiyana hweCRLH metamaterial ndehwekuti β inogona kuva 0 kana frequency isiri yakaenzana ne zero. Zvichibva pane izvi, resonator itsva ye zero-order (ZOR) inogona kugadzirwa. Kana β iri zero, hapana phase shift inoitika mu resonator yese. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti phase shift constant φ = - βd = 0. Pamusoro pezvo, resonance inongoenderana chete ne reactive load uye haienderane nehurefu hwechimiro. Mufananidzo 10 unoratidza kuti antenna inokurudzirwa yakagadzirwa nekushandisa mayuniti maviri nematatu ane E-shape, uye saizi yese i0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 uye 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, zvichiteerana, apo λ0 inomiririra wavelength ye free space pama frequency ekushanda e500 MHz ne650 MHz, zvichiteerana. Antena inoshanda pamafrequencies e0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) uye 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), ine bandwidths ye91.9% uye 96.0%. Kuwedzera kune hunhu hwehukuru hudiki uye bandwidth yakafara, kuwedzera uye kushanda zvakanaka kweantena yekutanga neyechipiri ndeye 5.3dBi uye 85% (1GHz) uye 5.7dBi uye 90% (1.4GHz), zvichiteerana.

Mufananidzo 10 Zvimiro zveantenna zve double-E ne triple-E zvinokurudzirwa.

4. Antena yeSlot
Nzira iri nyore yakapihwa yekuwedzera mukana wekupinda kweantenna yeCRLH-MTM, asi saizi yayo yeantenna haina kuchinja zvachose. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 11, antenna iyi inosanganisira mayuniti eCRLH akasungirirwa akamira pamusoro peumwe neumwe, ane mapechi nemitsara inotenderera, uye pane nzvimbo yakaita seS papatch. Antenna iyi inopihwa neCPW matching stub, uye saizi yayo i17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, inoenderana ne0.204λ0×0.375λ0×0.018λ0, apo λ0 (3.5GHz) inomiririra wavelength yenzvimbo yakasununguka. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti antenna inoshanda mufrequency band ye0.85-7.90GHz, uye operating bandwidth yayo i161.14%. Kuwana kwakanyanya kwemwaranzi uye kushanda zvakanaka kweantenna kunoonekwa pa3.5GHz, izvo zviri 5.12dBi uye ~80%, zvichiteerana.