Antenna-Rectifier Co-dhizaini
Hunhu hwema rectennas anotevera iyo EG topology muMufananidzo 2 ndeyekuti antenna inofananidzwa zvakananga kune inogadzirisa, pane iyo 50Ω standard, iyo inoda kudzikisa kana kubvisa iyo inofananidzira dunhu kuti iwane simba rekugadzirisa. Ichi chikamu chinoongorora mabhenefiti eSoA rectennas ane asiri-50Ω antennas uye rectennas pasina anofananidza network.
1. Magetsi Diki Antennas
LC resonant ring antennas yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo uko saizi yehurongwa yakakosha. Pama frequency ari pasi pe 1 GHz, urefu hwakareba hunogona kukonzera chiyero chakagovaniswa maantennas kuti atore nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura saizi yese yehurongwa, uye maapplication akadai seakazara akabatanidzwa matransceivers ekuiswa kwemuviri anonyanya kubatsirwa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi madiki antennas eWPT.
Iyo yakakwira inductive impedance yeantenna diki (padhuze neresonance) inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza zvakananga rectifier kana nekuwedzera pa-chip capacitive matching network. Magetsi antenna madiki akataurwa muWPT ine LP uye CP pazasi 1 GHz uchishandisa Huygens dipole antennas, ine ka=0.645, nepo ka=5.91 mune yakajairika dipoles (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate antenna
Iyo yakajairika yekupinza impedance ye diode ine capacitive yakanyanya, saka inductive antenna inodiwa kuti uwane conjugate impedance. Nekuda kweiyo capacitive impedance yechip, yakakwira impedance inductive antennas yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muRFID tag. Dipole antennas nguva pfupi yadarika yave muitiro mune yakaoma impedance RFID antennas, ichiratidza yakakwira impedance (kupokana uye kuita) padyo neadzo frequency resonant.
Inductive dipole antennas yakashandiswa kuenzanisa iyo yakakwirira capacitance yeinogadzirisa mune frequency bhendi yekufarira. Mune yakapetwa dipole antenna, iyo yakapetwa kaviri mutsara (dipole kupeta) inoita senge impedance transformer, ichibvumira dhizaini yeakanyanya yakakwira impedance antenna. Neimwe nzira, kudya kwakarerekera kune basa rekuwedzera inductive reactance pamwe neiyo impedance chaiyo. Kubatanidza akawanda akarerekera dipole zvinhu neasina kuenzana uta-tie radial stubs inoumba huviri Broadband yakakwira impedance antenna. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza mamwe anonzi anogadzirisa conjugate antennas.
Mufananidzo 4
Radiation maitiro muRFEH uye WPT
Mune iyo Friis modhi, iyo simba PRX inotambirwa neantenna iri chinhambwe d kubva kune transmitter ibasa rakananga reanogamuchira uye anotapurirana akawana (GRX, GTX).
Iyo antenna's main lobe directivity uye polarization inobata zvakananga huwandu hwesimba rinounganidzwa kubva kune chiitiko wave. Antenna radiation maitiro ndiwo akakosha paramita anosiyanisa pakati pe ambient RFEH neWPT (Mufananidzo 5). Nepo mumashandisirwo ese ari maviri nzira yekuparadzira inogona kunge isingazivikanwe uye mhedzisiro yayo pane yakagamuchirwa wave inoda kutariswa, ruzivo rwekuparadzira antenna runogona kushandiswa. Tafura 3 inoratidza maparamita akakosha anokurukurwa muchikamu chino uye kushanda kwawo kuRFEH neWPT.
Mufananidzo 5
1. Kutungamira uye Kuwana
Muzhinji RFEH uye WPT zvikumbiro, zvinofungidzirwa kuti muunganidzi haazive gwara rechiitiko mwaranzi uye hapana mutsara-wekuona (LoS) nzira. Mune iri basa, akawanda antenna dhizaini uye kuiswa kwakaongororwa kuti kuwedzere simba rakagamuchirwa kubva kune isingazivikanwe sosi, yakazvimiririra kune huru lobe kurongeka pakati peanotumira uye anogamuchira.
Omnidirectional antennas ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mune zvakatipoteredza RFEH rectennas. Muzvinyorwa, iyo PSD inosiyana zvichienderana nekutarisa kweiyo antenna. Nekudaro, kusiyanisa kwesimba hakuna kutsanangurwa, saka hazvigoneke kuona kuti kusiyanisa kuri kukonzerwa nemwaranzi weantenna kana nekuda kwepolarization mismatch.
Pamusoro pemashandisirwo eRFEH, antennas epamusoro-anotungamira uye arrays akashumwa zvakanyanya kune microwave WPT kuvandudza kugona kwekuunganidza kweiyo yakaderera RF simba density kana kukunda kurasikirwa kwekuparadzira. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, akanyatsobatanidzwa Vivaldi arrays, CPW CP arrays, uye chigamba arrays ari pakati pe scalable rectenna kuita iyo inogona kuwedzera chiitiko simba density pasi peimwe nzvimbo. Dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza antenna kuwana dzinosanganisira substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) tekinoroji mumicrowave uye millimeter wave mabhendi, akananga kuWPT. Nekudaro, marectennas akakwirira anoratidzirwa neakamanikana matanda, zvichiita kuti kugamuchirwa kwemasaisai munzira dzisina kunaka kusashande. Ongororo yehuwandu hwezvinhu zveantenna uye zviteshi zvakagumisa kuti kutungamira kwepamusoro hakuenderane nesimba rakakohwewa repamusoro mune ambient RFEH tichitora matatu-dimensional abbitional chiitiko; izvi zvakasimbiswa nezviyero zvemumunda munzvimbo dzemumaguta. High-gain arrays inogona kugumira kuWPT application.
Kuendesa mabhenefiti epamusoro-antennas kune anopokana maRFEH, kurongedza kana marongero mhinduro dzinoshandiswa kukunda nyaya yekunanga. Iyo mbiri-chigamba antenna wristband inokurudzirwa kukohwa simba kubva kune ambient Wi-Fi RFEHs munzira mbiri. Ambient cellular RFEH antennas zvakare akagadzirwa semabhokisi e3D uye akadhindwa kana kunamatira kune ekunze nzvimbo kuderedza sisitimu nzvimbo uye kugonesa kukohwa kwakawanda. Cubic rectenna zvimiro zvinoratidza mukana wepamusoro wekugamuchira simba mune ambient RFEHs.
Kuvandudzwa kweantenna dhizaini yekuwedzera beamwidth, kusanganisira yekubatsira parasitic chigamba zvinhu, yakaitwa kuvandudza WPT pa2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Iyo 6 GHz mesh antenna ine akawanda danda matunhu yakatsanangurwa zvakare, ichiratidza akawanda matanda pachiteshi. Multi-port, multi-rectifier surface rectennas uye maentenna ekukohwa kwesimba ane omnidirectional radiation mapatani zvakakurudzirwa kune akawanda-directional uye akawanda-polarized RFEH. Multi-rectifiers ane beamforming matrices uye akawanda-port antenna arrays akakurudzirawo kuti awane yakakwirira-kupfuma, akawanda-directional simba kukohwa.
Muchidimbu, nepo antennas epamusoro-soro achisarudzwa kuvandudza simba rakakohwewa kubva kune yakaderera RF densities, anotungamira anogashira anogona kunge asina kunaka mumashandisirwo ayo anotumira nzira isingazivikanwe (semuenzaniso, ambient RFEH kana WPT kuburikidza neasingazivikanwe nzira dzekuparadzira). Mubasa iri, nzira dzakawanda-matanho dzakawanda dzinokurudzirwa kune dzakawanda-directional high-gain WPT uye RFEH.
2. Antenna Polarization
Antenna polarization inotsanangura mafambiro emagetsi emunda vector zvine chekuita neiyo antenna yekuparadzira nzira. Polarization mismatches inogona kukonzeresa kutapurirana/kutambirwa pakati pema antennas kunyangwe iwo main lobe dhairekitori anoenderana. Semuenzaniso, kana yakatwasuka LP antenna ikashandiswa kutapurirana uye yakachinjika LP antenna ikashandiswa kugamuchira, hapana simba richagamuchirwa. Muchikamu chino, nzira dzakashumwa dzekuwedzera hunyanzvi hwekugamuchira isina waya uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwepolarization kusawirirana dzinoongororwa. Pfupiso yeinotsanangurwa rectenna architecture ine chekuita nepolarization inopiwa muMufananidzo 6 uye muenzaniso weSoA unopiwa muTafura 4.
Mufananidzo 6
Mumaserura ekutaurirana, mutsara polarization kurongeka pakati pezviteshi zvepasi uye nharembozha hazviite kuti zviwanikwe, saka base station antennas akagadzirirwa kuve maviri-polarized kana akawanda-polarized kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwepolarization kukanganisa. Nekudaro, iyo polarization musiyano wemafungu eLP nekuda kwekuwanda kwemhedzisiro inoramba iri dambudziko risina kugadziriswa. Zvichienderana nefungidziro yeakawanda-polarized mobile base station, cellular RFEH antennas akagadzirwa seLP antennas.
MaCP rectennas anonyanya kushandiswa muWPT nekuti anoshingirira kusawirirana. CP antennas inokwanisa kugashira CP mwaranzi nenzira imwechete yekutenderera (kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe kana kurudyi-ruoko CP) mukuwedzera kune ese mafungu eLP pasina kurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Chero zvazvingava, iyo CP antenna inotumira uye iyo LP antenna inogamuchira ne3 dB kurasikirwa (50% kurasikirwa kwesimba). CP rectennas inonzi inokodzera 900 MHz uye 2.4 GHz uye 5.8 GHz maindasitiri, sainzi, uye mabhendi ekurapa pamwe nemasaisai emamilimita. MuRFEH yemafungu epolarized arbitrarily polarized, kusiyana-siyana kwepolarization kunomiririra mhinduro inogona kukanganisa kurasikirwa kwepolarization.
Full polarization, inozivikanwawo seyakawanda-polarization, yakakurudzirwa kuti ikunde zvachose kurasikirwa kwepolarization kusawirirana, zvichiita kuti kuunganidzwa kwemafungu eCP neLP, uko maviri-polarized orthogonal LP zvinhu zvinogashira mafungu ese eLP neCP. Kuenzanisira izvi, vertical and horizontal net voltages (VV neVH) inoramba iripo zvisinei nekona yepolarization:
CP electromagnetic wave "E" munda wemagetsi, uko simba rinounganidzwa kaviri (kamwechete payuniti), nekudaro kugamuchira zvizere chikamu cheCP uye kukunda iyo 3 dB polarization mismatch kurasikirwa:
Pakupedzisira, kuburikidza neDC musanganiswa, mafungu ezviitiko zvepolarization anogona kugamuchirwa. Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza iyo geometry yeiyo yakashumwa yakazara polarized rectenna.
Mufananidzo 7
Muchidimbu, mumashandisirwo eWPT ane magetsi akazvipira, CP inofarirwa nekuti inovandudza WPT inoshanda zvisinei nepolarization angle yeantenna. Kune rimwe divi, mukutora-mazhinji-sosi kutora, kunyanya kubva kune ambient masosi, antenna akazara polarized anogona kuwana zvirinani kugamuchirwa kwese uye kutakurika kukuru; Multi-port/multi-rectifier architectures anodiwa kuti abatanidze zvizere polarized simba paRF kana DC.
Summary
Iri bepa rinoongorora kufambira mberi kwazvino mukugadzirwa kweantenna kweRFEH neWPT, uye rinopa zano chiyero chakajairwa cheantenna dhizaini yeRFEH neWPT iyo isina kutaurwa mumabhuku apfuura. Zvitatu zvakakosha antenna zvinodiwa kuti uwane yakakwira RF-to-DC kunyatsoshanda zvakaonekwa se:
1. Antenna rectifier impedance bandwidth yeRFEH neWPT mabhendi ekufarira;
2. Kurongeka kukuru kwelobe pakati pekutapurirana neanogamuchira muWPT kubva kune yakatsaurirwa feed;
3. Polarization inoenderana pakati perectenna uye chiitiko wave zvisinei nekona uye chinzvimbo.
Kubva pane impedance, rectennas inoiswa mu50Ω uye rectifier conjugate rectennas, iine tarisiro yekupedance yekufananidza pakati pemabhendi akasiyana uye mitoro uye kugona kweimwe neimwe nzira yekufananidza.
Iwo ma radiation maitiro eSoA rectennas akaongororwa kubva pakuona kwekutungamira uye polarization. Nzira dzekuvandudza pfuma kuburikidza nebeamforming uye kurongedza kukurira nhete yebeamwidth inokurukurwa. Pakupedzisira, CP rectennas yeWPT inoongororwa, pamwe chete nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane polarization-yakazvimirira kugamuchira kweWPT neRFEH.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antennas, ndapota shanya:
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-16-2024
