Dhizaini pamwe chete yeAntena-Rectifier
Hunhu hwema rectennas anotevera EG topology muMufananidzo 2 ndewekuti antenna inoenderana zvakananga ne rectifier, pane 50Ω standard, iyo inoda kuderedza kana kubvisa matching circuit kuti ipe simba re rectifier. Chikamu chino chinoongorora zvakanakira ma SoA rectennas nema non-50Ω antennas nema rectennas asina matching networks.
1. MaAntenna madiki emagetsi
Maantenna eLC resonant ring ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa apo saizi yesystem inokosha. Pama frequency ari pasi pe 1 GHz, kureba kwema wavelength kunogona kukonzera kuti ma antenna akapararira echinhu agare munzvimbo yakakura kupfuura saizi yese yesystem, uye mashandisirwo akadai sema transceivers akabatanidzwa zvizere e body implants anonyanya kubatsirwa nekushandiswa kwema antenna madiki emagetsi eWPT.
Kupindira kwakanyanya kweinductive kweantenna diki (near resonance) kunogona kushandiswa kubatanidza zvakananga rectifier kana ne network yekuwedzera on-chip capacitive matching. Maantenna madiki emagetsi akataurwa muWPT neLP neCP pasi pe1 GHz achishandisa maantenna eHuygens dipole, ane ka=0.645, nepo ka=5.91 mu dipoles dzakajairika (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Antena inogadzirisa madziro
Impedance yakajairika ye diode ine capacitive yakanyanya, saka antenna inductive inodiwa kuti uwane conjugate impedance. Nekuda kwe capacitive impedance ye chip, high impedance inductive antennas dzave dzichishandiswa zvakanyanya muRFID tags. Dipole antennas munguva pfupi yapfuura dzave tsika mu complex impedance RFID antennas, dzichiratidza high impedance (resistance and reactance) pedyo ne resonant frequency yadzo.
Maantenna eInductive dipole akashandiswa kuenzana ne capacitance yepamusoro ye rectifier mu frequency band ye interest. Mu antenna ye dipole yakapetwa, double short line (dipole folding) inoshanda se impedance transformer, zvichibvumira dhizaini ye impedance yakakwira zvakanyanya. Neimwe nzira, bias feeding ndiyo inokonzera kuwedzera inductive reactance pamwe ne actual impedance. Kubatanidza multiple biased dipole elements ne unbalanced bow-tie radial stubs kunoumba dual broadband high impedance antenna. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza mamwe ma rectifier conjugate antennas anonzi.
Mufananidzo 4
Hunhu hwemwaranzi muRFEH neWPT
Mumuenzaniso weFriis, simba rePRX rinogamuchirwa neantenna iri kure ne transmitter ibasa rakananga re receiver ne transmitter gains (GRX, GTX).
Kutungamira kwe lobe huru ye antenna uye polarization zvinokanganisa zvakananga huwandu hwesimba rinounganidzwa kubva ku incident wave. Hunhu hwemwaranzi ye antenna ndiwo ma parameter akakosha anosiyanisa pakati pe ambient RFEH neWPT (Mufananidzo 5). Kunyange hazvo mumashandisirwo ese ari maviri nzira yekupararira ingave isingazivikanwe uye mhedzisiro yayo pawave yakagamuchirwa inofanirwa kufungwa nezvayo, ruzivo rwe transmitting antenna runogona kushandiswa. Tafura 3 inoratidza ma parameter akakosha akakurukurwa muchikamu chino uye kushanda kwawo kuRFEH neWPT.
Mufananidzo 5
1. Kutungamira uye Kuwana
Muzvizhinji zveRFEH neWPT, zvinofungidzirwa kuti muunganidzi haazive kwakanangana nemwaranzi yechiitiko uye hapana nzira yekuona (LoS). Mubasa iri, magadzirirwo akawanda eantenna uye nzvimbo dzakaongororwa kuti simba rinowanikwa riwedzere kubva kunzvimbo isingazivikanwe, pasina kubatana kwenzvimbo huru pakati pemutakuri nemugamuchiri.
Maantenna eOmnidirectional ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya muRFEH rectennas dzezvakatipoteredza. Mumabhuku, PSD inosiyana zvichienderana nekwakatarisana kweantenna. Zvisinei, kusiyana kwesimba hakuna kutsanangurwa, saka hazvigoneke kuona kana kusiyana kwacho kuri nekuda kwepatani yemwaranzi yeantenna kana nekuda kwekusawirirana kwepolarization.
Kuwedzera kumashandisirwo eRFEH, maantenna ane nzira dzekuwedzera simba uye ma arrays akataurwa zvakanyanya nezve microwave WPT kuti ivandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwe low RF power density kana kukunda kurasikirwa kwekupararira. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, tightly coupled Vivaldi arrays, CPW CP arrays, uye patch arrays ndedzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera rectenna dzinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba rechiitiko pasi peimwe nzvimbo. Dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza antenna gain dzinosanganisira substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology muma microwave ne millimeter wave bands, chaiwo kuWPT. Zvisinei, high-gain rectennas dzinoratidzwa nehupamhi hwe beawidths dzakamanikana, zvichiita kuti kugamuchira mafungu munzira dzisina kurongeka kusashande zvakanaka. Kuferefeta kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zve antenna nema ports kwakagumisa kuti high-directivity haienderane nesimba rakakwira rakakohwewa mu ambient RFEH tichifunga nezve three-dimensional arrays; izvi zvakasimbiswa nekuyera kwemunda munzvimbo dzemaguta. High-gain arrays inogona kugumira kumashandisirwo eWPT.
Kuti tishandise mabhenefiti emaantenna ane gain yakakwira kuenda kumaRFEH asingatarisirwi, mhinduro dzekurongedza kana kuronga dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutungamira. Chikwangwani che antenna chine mapatch maviri chinokurudzirwa kuunganidza simba kubva kumaRFEH eWi-Fi ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana munzira mbiri. Maantenna eRFEH ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana akagadzirwawo semabhokisi e3D uye akadhindwa kana kunamirwa kunzvimbo dzekunze kuderedza nzvimbo yesystem uye kugonesa kukohwa kwemativi akawanda. Zvimiro zveCubic rectenna zvinoratidza mukana wepamusoro wekugamuchira simba mumaRFEH ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kweantenna kuti kuwedzere beamingwidth, kusanganisira assixiv patch elements, kwakaitwa kuti kuve neWPT pa2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Antenna ye6 GHz mesh ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dze beam yakakurudzirwawo, ichiratidza mabeam akawanda paport imwe neimwe. Ma-port akawanda, multi-rectifier surface rectennas uye energy harvesting antennas ane omnidirectional radiation patterns akakurudzirwa kune multi-directional uye multi-polarized RFEH. Ma-multi-rectifiers ane beamforming matrices uye multi-port antenna arrays akakurudzirwawo kuti ave ne high-gain, multi-directional energy harvesting.
Muchidimbu, kunyange hazvo maantenna ane gain yakakwira achisarudzwa kuti awedzere simba rinotorwa kubva muRF densities yakaderera, mareceiver ane direction yakakwira anogona kunge asiri akanaka mumashandisirwo ayo nzira yekutumira isingazivikanwe (semuenzaniso, ambient RFEH kana WPT kuburikidza nenzira dzisingazivikanwe dzekuparadzira). Mubasa iri, nzira dzakawanda dze multi-beam dzinokurudzirwa kune multi-directional high-gain WPT neRFEH.
2. Kupatsanurana kweAntena
Kupatsanurana kweAntenna kunotsanangura kufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi zvichienderana negwara rekupararira kweantenna. Kusawirirana kwepolarization kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekutumira/kugamuchira pakati peantenna kunyangwe kana main lobe directions akarongeka. Semuenzaniso, kana vertical LP antenna ikashandiswa kutumira uye horizontal LP antenna ikashandiswa kugamuchira, hapana simba richagamuchirwa. Muchikamu chino, nzira dzakataurwa dzekuwedzera kushanda kwe wireless reception uye kudzivirira polarization mismatch losses dzinoongororwa. Pfupiso ye rectenna architecture yakarongwa maererano ne polarization inopiwa muMufananidzo 6 uye muenzaniso weSoA unopiwa muTafura 4.
Mufananidzo 6
Mukutaurirana kwemafoni, kurongeka kwepolarization pakati pezviteshi zvebase nemafoni hazvigoneke, saka maantenna ebase station akagadzirwa kuti ave nedual-polarized kana multi-polarized kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwepolarization. Zvisinei, kusiyana kwepolarization kwemafungu eLP nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemultipath kuchiri dambudziko risati ragadziriswa. Zvichibva pakufungidzira kwezviteshi zve mobile-polarized multi-polarized, maantenna ecellular RFEH akagadzirwa seLP antennas.
Ma CP rectenna anonyanya kushandiswa muWPT nekuti haakwanise kupindirana zvakanyanya. Ma CP antenna anokwanisa kugamuchira CP radiation negwara rakafanana rekutenderera (CP yekuruboshwe kana yerudyi) pamwe chete nema LP waves ese asina kurasikirwa nemagetsi. Chero zvazvingava, CP antenna inotumira uye LP antenna inogamuchira nekurasikirwa kwe3 dB (kurasikirwa kwesimba kwe50%). Ma CP rectenna anonzi akakodzera 900 MHz uye 2.4 GHz uye 5.8 GHz maindasitiri, sainzi, uye medical bands pamwe nema millimeter waves. MuRFEH yema polarized waves asina kurongeka, polarization diversity inomiririra mhinduro inogona kuitika yekurasikirwa kwepolarization mismatch.
Kupatsanura kwakazara, kunozivikanwawo se multi-polarization, kwakakurudzirwa kukunda zvachose kurasikirwa kwe polarization mismatch, zvichiita kuti pave nekuunganidzwa kwemafungu eCP neLP, uko zvinhu zviviri zveLP zvine dual-polarized orthogonal zvinogamuchira mafungu ese eLP neCP. Kuti tiratidze izvi, ma voltages e vertical ne horizontal net (VV neVH) anoramba aripo pasinei ne polarization angle:
Simba remagetsi reCP electromagnetic wave "E", uko simba rinounganidzwa kaviri (kamwe chete payuniti), nokudaro richigamuchira zvizere chikamu cheCP uye richikunda kurasikirwa kwe3 dB polarization mismatch:
Pakupedzisira, kuburikidza nekubatana kweDC, mafungu ezviitiko zvekusawirirana kwemarudzi anogona kugamuchirwa. Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza geometry ye rectenna yakataurwa yakazara yakapatsanurwa.
Mufananidzo 7
Muchidimbu, mumashandisirwo eWPT ane magetsi akatsaurirwa, CP inosarudzwa nekuti inovandudza kushanda kweWPT zvisinei nekona yepolarization yeantenna. Kune rumwe rutivi, mukuwana akawanda masosi, kunyanya kubva kuma ambient sources, ma antenna ane polarized akazara anogona kuwana zviri nani kugamuchira zvese uye kutakurika kwakanyanya; ma multi-port/multi-rectifier architectures anodiwa kuti ubatanidze simba rakanyatso polarized paRF kana DC.
Pfupiso
Pepa rino rinoongorora kufambira mberi kwazvino mukugadzirwa kweantenna yeRFEH neWPT, uye rinopa kupatsanurwa kwakajairwa kwekugadzirwa kweantenna yeRFEH neWPT uko kusina kutaurwa mumabhuku apfuura. Zvinodiwa zvitatu zvekutanga zveantenna kuti uwane kushanda kwakakwirira kweRF-to-DC zvakaonekwa seizvi:
1. bandwidth ye impedance ye rectifier yeRFEH neWPT;
2. Kurongeka kukuru kwe lobe pakati pe transmitter ne receiver muWPT kubva kune feed yakatsaurirwa;
3. Kufananidza polarization pakati pe rectenna ne incident wave zvisinei nekona nenzvimbo.
Zvichibva pa impedance, ma rectenna akakamurwa kuita 50Ω uye rectifier conjugate rectennas, achitarisa pa impedance matching pakati pemabhendi akasiyana uye mitoro uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira yega yega yekufananidza.
Hunhu hwemwaranzi hweSoA rectennas hwakaongororwa kubva pamaonero ekutungamira uye polarization. Nzira dzekuvandudza gain ne beamforming uye kurongedza kuti zvikunde mwero webeamwidth dzakapfupika dzinokurukurwa. Pakupedzisira, CP rectennas dzeWPT dzinoongororwa, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kuti pave nekugamuchirwa kwepolarization kweWPT neRFEH.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve antenna, ndapota shanyira:
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-16-2024
